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KamaAina

(78,249 posts)
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 01:48 PM Oct 2015

Here’s why NASA’s Mars rovers are banned from investigating that liquid water

http://www.sciencealert.com/here-s-why-nasa-s-mars-rovers-are-banned-from-investigating-that-liquid-water

This week, NASA scientists announced that they had found chemical evidence of liquid water on the surface of Mars. While they make a compelling case, the existence of seasonal rivers of briney water will never be 100 percent confirmed until we can see it and touch it and analyse it, and if it’s not actual humans on Mars doing that, we’ll have to study it vicariously through our far-flung robots.

Except we can’t. Not as long as those far-flung robots originated on Earth, anyway. Right now, NASA’s Curiosity rover is about 50 kilometres from the site that scientists suspect holds liquid Martian water, but thanks to an international treaty signed in 1967, it’s not allowed to go anywhere near it....

"Because liquid water appears to be present ... we have to take extra precautions to prevent contamination by Earth life," Rich Zurek, the chief scientist for NASA’s Mars program, explained during a Reddit AMA yesterday. "Our current rovers have not been sterilised to the degree needed to go to an area where liquid water may be present."

As Akshat Rathi writes for Quartz, every country on Earth is bound by the stipulations of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, which forbids "anyone from sending a mission, robot or human, close to a water source in the fear of contaminating it with life from Earth".


68 replies = new reply since forum marked as read
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Here’s why NASA’s Mars rovers are banned from investigating that liquid water (Original Post) KamaAina Oct 2015 OP
That makes sense nt KT2000 Oct 2015 #1
I agree. Let's not threaten possible life on another planet passiveporcupine Oct 2015 #32
Totally makes sense N/T SCantiGOP Oct 2015 #43
Well, we might destroy the Space Modulator underpants Oct 2015 #2
. . . hifiguy Oct 2015 #15
#(>:-{} underpants Oct 2015 #17
me too! me too! Fairgo Oct 2015 #60
Won't someone think of the children! joeybee12 Oct 2015 #3
We only care about the Martian children in utero central scrutinizer Oct 2015 #22
Message auto-removed Name removed Oct 2015 #25
Well, until they reach millitary age. Fearless Oct 2015 #28
lol treestar Oct 2015 #39
Won't someone think of the Martians? meow2u3 Oct 2015 #48
The Martian children! joeybee12 Oct 2015 #49
It's not political. It's good science. librechik Oct 2015 #4
Message auto-removed Name removed Oct 2015 #26
This makes complete sense. If there is life on Mars, we need to know that it's life on Mars, geek tragedy Oct 2015 #5
Don't we have instruments to determine that it's actually water? brush Oct 2015 #6
Yes. Rex Oct 2015 #8
We're talking about pictures taken from orbit in visible light. jeff47 Oct 2015 #9
Where do you insert the toothpick to make sure it's done? n/t A HERETIC I AM Oct 2015 #10
You can't poke a toothpick into a metal rover silly. Glassunion Oct 2015 #14
Ah, yes. A HERETIC I AM Oct 2015 #18
I think you're missing the point here underpants Oct 2015 #19
Myrtle has every right to dawdle, you whippersnapper. A HERETIC I AM Oct 2015 #21
Space-Roomba underpants Oct 2015 #41
I am curious as to what terrestrial organism can survive the flight through space to Mars? Rex Oct 2015 #50
I agree. Curiosity spent months in a vacuum. Hard to believe Calista241 Oct 2015 #53
Any spacecraft that leaves Earth orbit has to go through a sterilization step jeff47 Oct 2015 #56
Lots of things can. jeff47 Oct 2015 #55
Wow that is interesting! Rex Oct 2015 #61
Maher and DeGrasse-Tysson spoke of tardigrades tonight Oilwellian Oct 2015 #62
This message was self-deleted by its author jeff47 Oct 2015 #7
It's a bummer, but it makes sense. GoneFishin Oct 2015 #11
Curiosity is probably too far away PJMcK Oct 2015 #12
Curiosity killed the cat? KamaAina Oct 2015 #13
The Prime Directive needs to be followed benld74 Oct 2015 #16
indeed. restorefreedom Oct 2015 #24
"Life on Mars!" doesn't change my world view at all. hunter Oct 2015 #20
Yes I agree... StarzGuy Oct 2015 #45
No, they don't. hunter Oct 2015 #47
What are the chances that in 4 billion years, no life from Earth has already infected Mars? mhatrw Oct 2015 #23
Tyson is fond of making this point. Duppers Oct 2015 #27
Hitch-hiked, huh? gratuitous Oct 2015 #42
Wouldn't that mean we have already contaminated Mars by landing there, even if it hasn't touched Dont call me Shirley Oct 2015 #29
Gonna have to go with the astrophysicists and astrogeologists on this call. Fred Sanders Oct 2015 #35
Let's hope for Martian's sake they're 100% correct :-) Dont call me Shirley Oct 2015 #38
Normal procedure for anything that leaves Earth orbit jeff47 Oct 2015 #57
isnt it true that mars has no protections against solar radiation and b/c the rovers are saturnsring Oct 2015 #30
I wondered the same 7962 Oct 2015 #36
paging N2DOC saturnsring Oct 2015 #37
Microbes are pesky things. It is a lot harder mhatrw Oct 2015 #51
Not quite. jeff47 Oct 2015 #58
thanks for the info - i forgot about the bacteria on the iss saturnsring Oct 2015 #68
This message was self-deleted by its author Phil1934 Oct 2015 #31
I guess they figure life on earth is pretty tough if it can survive a few years in a vacuum. Spitfire of ATJ Oct 2015 #33
The Prime Directive is real? Iggo Oct 2015 #34
That seems strangely specific... blackspade Oct 2015 #40
They should have thought of that before they left. Orrex Oct 2015 #44
Whoops! n/t mhatrw Oct 2015 #52
Seems abit odd, since contamination already occured when the rover landed. Lancero Oct 2015 #46
Well that's true but it's good to know there are some limits to their contamination. n/t fasttense Oct 2015 #54
The rovers were sterilized before they left Earth. jeff47 Oct 2015 #59
I suspect that sooner rather than later we will figure out a way around that directive. Warren DeMontague Oct 2015 #63
If life only exists on Earth, I think we have an obligation to spread it to other planets puzzledeagle Oct 2015 #64
I remember... yourpicturehere Oct 2015 #65
i concur with the restriction, that said, quaker bill Oct 2015 #66
Not meaning to sound cynical, because I like NASA daleo Oct 2015 #67

passiveporcupine

(8,175 posts)
32. I agree. Let's not threaten possible life on another planet
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 04:12 PM
Oct 2015

Let's figure out a way to sterilize our equipment first.

Maybe we need to reallocate some money from chronic war syndrome to use on space exploration?

Fairgo

(1,571 posts)
60. me too! me too!
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 10:46 PM
Oct 2015

One of my favorite WB characters (top 3: Marvin, Foghorn Leghorn, and the Brain). Named my car after him and bought the mudflaps.

 

joeybee12

(56,177 posts)
3. Won't someone think of the children!
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 01:52 PM
Oct 2015

What if we did something to harm that water and in turn harmed those Martian children???

Response to central scrutinizer (Reply #22)

 

joeybee12

(56,177 posts)
49. The Martian children!
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 05:25 PM
Oct 2015

I suppose the treaty was signed to prevent any damage and hinder further study...but...

Response to librechik (Reply #4)

 

geek tragedy

(68,868 posts)
5. This makes complete sense. If there is life on Mars, we need to know that it's life on Mars,
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 01:54 PM
Oct 2015

not something we deposited there. Also, invasive species are a really bad idea.

jeff47

(26,549 posts)
9. We're talking about pictures taken from orbit in visible light.
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 02:06 PM
Oct 2015

So while instruments exist that could say "this is water", this discovery was done with a plain old camera.

Driving an existing rover over to it has the danger of putting an Earth lifeform into that water, thus screwing up the sample. They'll need to send a rover that has been baked at 350 before launch instead of the current rovers that were baked at 250 before launch.

underpants

(182,769 posts)
19. I think you're missing the point here
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 02:47 PM
Oct 2015

It's not about when it's done, it's about how long it would take. The Mars Rover covering 50K on that terrain would actually longer than Myrtle clogging up aisle 6 with her Medicaid scooter. Come on Myrtle!!! I NEED MY PINTO BEANS!!!!

Ugh!

A HERETIC I AM

(24,365 posts)
21. Myrtle has every right to dawdle, you whippersnapper.
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 02:57 PM
Oct 2015

All this reminds me of this;

Mars Rover Beginning To Hate Mars

(Snip) "Once, when we radioed her to please leave the lecturing and hypothesis-making to the mission project team, she responded by forming her robotic arm into an obscene gesture," Banerdt said. "That arm contains a state-of-the-art spectrometer meant to provide crucial mineralogy data."

Project organizers said the most distressing instance of erratic behavior occurred last week, when images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter revealed that Spirit had scrawled the message 'FUCK MARS' in the thick, iron oxide dust that gives the planet its characteristic red color.

"The orbiting Mars Odyssey has cut off transmissions from Spirit, which seems to envy the craft's ability to fly freely around in space," Banerdt said. "Similarly, data suggests Spirit is convinced that [sister rover] Opportunity has found water and isn't telling anyone."

Despite these malfunctions, mission leaders remain optimistic that the rover will eventually return to full working order.

"Hopefully these malfunctions will straighten themselves out," Callas said. "In the meantime, we'll simply have to try to glean what usable data we can from 'OVERPRICED SPACE-ROOMBA AWAITING MORE BULLSHIT ORDERS.'"




http://www.theonion.com/article/mars-rover-beginning-to-hate-mars-2072
 

Rex

(65,616 posts)
50. I am curious as to what terrestrial organism can survive the flight through space to Mars?
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 05:26 PM
Oct 2015

How fascinating and something I would have never thought of!

Calista241

(5,586 posts)
53. I agree. Curiosity spent months in a vacuum. Hard to believe
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 06:07 PM
Oct 2015

Microbial life survived the trip. And even if it did, you think it'd have already contaminated the planet.

jeff47

(26,549 posts)
56. Any spacecraft that leaves Earth orbit has to go through a sterilization step
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 07:54 PM
Oct 2015

The normal way they do this is to seal the spacecraft into it's capsule, and then bake it at 250 for a while. That kills most Earth life on the probe, and the sealed capsule keeps new things from contaminating it. The capsule is jettisoned near Earth, leaving a "clean" spacecraft.

But you can't guarantee it killed all Earth life. Because there's some absurdly hardy Earth life.

jeff47

(26,549 posts)
55. Lots of things can.
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 07:52 PM
Oct 2015
Tardigrades are an example of absurdly hardy Earth life. They can survive temperatures from just above absolute zero to far above boiling. They also can withstand massive doses of radiation. And survive without food or water for more than 10 years.

Experiments have been run putting Earth lifeforms on the outside of the International Space Station for up to 18 months. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2890671/The-zoo-really-world-animals-kept-OUTSIDE-International-Space-Station-help-solve-mystery-life-exists-Mars.html

This photosynthetic bacteria lived on the outside of the ISS for 533 days before being returned to Earth:
http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2010-08/bacteria-survive-553-day-exposure-exterior-iss
 

Rex

(65,616 posts)
61. Wow that is interesting!
Sat Oct 3, 2015, 12:53 AM
Oct 2015

Thanks got some new reading material! Had no idea, I know there are some tube worms that can survive crazy amounts of heat and pressure. However this other is all new to be so got some reading to do.

Oilwellian

(12,647 posts)
62. Maher and DeGrasse-Tysson spoke of tardigrades tonight
Sat Oct 3, 2015, 02:32 AM
Oct 2015

I think they were originally seeded from Mars.

Response to KamaAina (Original post)

PJMcK

(22,031 posts)
12. Curiosity is probably too far away
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 02:12 PM
Oct 2015

According to Curiosity's specifications, it may be too far away from the briny water to investigate it. This is from Wikipedia:

"Based on variables including power levels, terrain difficulty, slippage and visibility, the maximum terrain-traverse speed is estimated to be 200 m (660 ft) per day by automatic navigation. The rover landed about 10 km (6.2 mi) from the base of Mount Sharp, and it is expected to traverse a minimum of 19 km (12 mi) during its primary two-year mission. It can travel up to 90 metres (300 ft) per hour but average speed is about 30 metres (98 ft) per hour."

Regardless, it's smart science to protect an unknown environment from contamination.

benld74

(9,904 posts)
16. The Prime Directive needs to be followed
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 02:38 PM
Oct 2015

covered personnel should refrain from interfering in the natural, unassisted, development of societies, even if such interference was well-intentioned

hunter

(38,310 posts)
20. "Life on Mars!" doesn't change my world view at all.
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 02:57 PM
Oct 2015

For no solid scientific reason I believe life permeates this universe.

I certainly don't believe earth or humanity is the center of the universe.

So far as "intelligent life" goes, I think we humans are a dim bunch. We haven't yet recognized the intelligent life we share a planet with, sometimes not even members of our own species.

hunter

(38,310 posts)
47. No, they don't.
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 05:22 PM
Oct 2015

People are looking for "space aliens" when we've many fellow intelligent relatives here on earth.

Industrial society is not a measure of intelligence. It may be a measure of hopeless disfunctionality.

A dead end.

mhatrw

(10,786 posts)
23. What are the chances that in 4 billion years, no life from Earth has already infected Mars?
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 03:37 PM
Oct 2015
http://www.nbcnews.com/science/life-could-have-hitchhiked-earth-moons-jupiter-saturn-2D11744227

The researchers calculated that over the course of 3.5 billion years — roughly the amount of time Earth is known to have possessed life — about 200 million meteoroids large enough to potentially shield life from the rigors of space were blasted off Earth. They also estimated roughly 800 million such rocks were ejected from Mars during the same period. More rocks escape from Mars because Martian gravity is a little more than a third that of Earth's.
Past research suggested that moderately sized rocks ejected from impacts could protect organisms from the dangers of outer space for up to 10 million years. The scientist calculated that about 83,000 meteoroids from Earth and 320,000 from Mars could have struck Jupiter after traveling 10 million years or less. Also, roughly 14,000 from Earth should have hit Saturn in that time, and no more than 20,000 from Mars.

Since the moons of those giant worlds are relatively close to their planets, many of them might get peppered by these meteoroids as well. The researchers calculated that Saturn's moons Titan and Enceladus, and Jupiter's moons Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto, should each have received between one and 10 impacts both from Earth and from Mars.

These findings suggest that the possibility of transfer of life from the inner solar system to the outer moons cannot be ruled out. "When planning missions to search for life on Europa or other moons, scientists will have to think about whether they can distinguish between life that is or is not related to that on Earth," Worth said.

gratuitous

(82,849 posts)
42. Hitch-hiked, huh?
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 04:35 PM
Oct 2015

That would explain all those "Mars / Lollapalooza" cardboard signs orbiting in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.

Dont call me Shirley

(10,998 posts)
29. Wouldn't that mean we have already contaminated Mars by landing there, even if it hasn't touched
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 04:02 PM
Oct 2015

the water? There's wind on Mars.

jeff47

(26,549 posts)
57. Normal procedure for anything that leaves Earth orbit
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 08:05 PM
Oct 2015

is to seal it inside its capsule and then bake it at 250 for a while (how long depends on how big it is, just like when cooking a turkey). That kills almost all Earth life forms. The capsule is jettisoned near Earth, and the "clean" probe continues to its destination.

But there's some absurdly hardy things that could survive that. If the probe is being sent to somewhere that has a good chance of really having life, it would be a good idea to have tougher sterilization procedures.

This comes from an international treaty. As far as anyone knows, the two countries that actually got things out of Earth orbit (USA and USSR) have followed it.

 

saturnsring

(1,832 posts)
30. isnt it true that mars has no protections against solar radiation and b/c the rovers are
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 04:02 PM
Oct 2015

on the surface wouldnt they have been sterilized by radiation?

mhatrw

(10,786 posts)
51. Microbes are pesky things. It is a lot harder
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 05:49 PM
Oct 2015

to sterilize them all than we used to think.

It's almost as if many are pre-adapted to extreme conditions that do not exist on Earth.

jeff47

(26,549 posts)
58. Not quite.
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 08:12 PM
Oct 2015

The little atmosphere that remains on Mars still blocks some radiation.

But there's lots of things on Earth that can withstand lots of radiation. An experiment put a photosynthetic bacteria on the outside of the ISS for more than 500 days, and it was still alive when they brought it back to Earth.

Mars doesn't have a magnetic field, so charged particles from the sun can and have stripped away most of its atmosphere. But magnetic fields don't matter for "radiation", since that's light (at least, most of what we usually are worried about is light). Earth's magnetic field protected that bacteria from those charged particles, but x-rays and gamma rays could still hit it.

Response to KamaAina (Original post)

blackspade

(10,056 posts)
40. That seems strangely specific...
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 04:28 PM
Oct 2015

As if earth microbes can't get into the air and then contaminate water sources.
I think this has more to do with not wanting claims of contamination to undermine the identification of extraterrestrial life forms.

Lancero

(3,003 posts)
46. Seems abit odd, since contamination already occured when the rover landed.
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 04:44 PM
Oct 2015

If we're worried about the rover being dirty and a threat to Mars, well... Just trace their paths, you'll see that our 'dirty rovers' have already been spreading that contamination around.

jeff47

(26,549 posts)
59. The rovers were sterilized before they left Earth.
Fri Oct 2, 2015, 08:16 PM
Oct 2015

But the sterilization procedure (bake at 250 for a long time) doesn't kill everything on Earth.

The things that can survive that are unlikely to be on the rovers, but if you're thinking there's a good chance of Martian life at the target, you should probably be extra thorough sterilizing the probe.

Warren DeMontague

(80,708 posts)
63. I suspect that sooner rather than later we will figure out a way around that directive.
Sat Oct 3, 2015, 02:37 AM
Oct 2015

Im sure right now plans are being made to get samples of some of that water. Probably not with curiosity, because it's not designed for that.. But a future probe? For sure.

If there was some ironclad permanent ban on sampling extraterrestrial water, we wouldnt be conducting thought experiments on how to get something under the ice crust of Europa. That '67 treaty is not the final word, at almost 50 years old it is horribly dated given the subject matter, and trust me, as humanity moves out into space (and begins to seriously utilize the resources out there), it will go- or, just be ignored.

 

puzzledeagle

(47 posts)
64. If life only exists on Earth, I think we have an obligation to spread it to other planets
Sat Oct 3, 2015, 03:35 AM
Oct 2015

With the stupidity of humanity potentially destroying this world one day, I think we should spread it out to other planets so that they don't suffer from our mistakes. It's just as likely that life is completely unique to this one planet alone and might be the most precious thing this universe has ever created.

yourpicturehere

(54 posts)
65. I remember...
Sat Oct 3, 2015, 06:26 AM
Oct 2015

reading a story years ago about explorers on Mars or Venus (I said years ago) that had lunch before they got back on the spacecraft to leave. They picked up their debris, and left. The part that stuck with me was the end when the story said that after the spacecraft left, a small blob had crawled out from its hiding place and gingerly touched a piece of styrofoam that had been missed, AND DIED. The end was something about how the life on the planet had been ended before it got a chance to progress.

Don't remember the name or author, but it stuck with me because I had never thought of the fact that just contact with humans could end alien life.

So SAD.

quaker bill

(8,224 posts)
66. i concur with the restriction, that said,
Sat Oct 3, 2015, 07:23 AM
Oct 2015

my reading of the report on the water indicated that the brine is hydrating perchlorate salts. In that perchlorate salts are known to cause the nearly immediate spontaneous combustion of organic matter, this water would likely sterilize the rover shortly before destroying it.

daleo

(21,317 posts)
67. Not meaning to sound cynical, because I like NASA
Sun Oct 4, 2015, 12:38 AM
Oct 2015

But this news gives NASA excellent possibilities to receive funding for missions specifically designed to investigate the briny water source findings. Why waste that, by sending a rover that's already on the surface?

Latest Discussions»General Discussion»Here’s why NASA’s Mars ro...