Good collection!

#4 In metric, kilogrammes are a unit of mass, but Newtons are a unit of weight (i.e. mass multiplied by the gravitational constant). Pascals are units of pressure, i.e. weight per area. So a Pascal is defined as a Newton per square meter.

#13 Heisenberg was a quantum physicist, which area of physics deal with subatomic phenomena which don't appear to obey the ordinary laws of physics that apply to the larger macro world. Rather than dealing with absolute positions, quantum physics usually involve probabilities. In particular, it appears the more is known about the position of a subatomic particle, the less is known about its momentum and vice versa. This is roughly summarised as the "uncertainty principle".

Goedel most well-known for his "incompleteness theory". The first incompleteness theorem states that for any self-consistent recursive axiomatic system powerful enough to describe the arithmetic of the natural numbers (for example Peano arithmetic), there are true propositions about the naturals that cannot be proved from the axioms. (Sorry, I took that one straight from Wikipedia)

Chomsky is, of course, a linguist.

I bet you're slapping your knees now that I've explained them

Whether that's something to be proud or ashamed of, I will leave as an exercise to the reader.

At least I don't snort when I laugh...

you thought was the funniest and why.

Being a programmer, I naturally gravitated to the extreme literalness of #19:

Something like, "go to the store and pick up a loaf of bread. If they have eggs, pick up a dozen." This shows the difference between how extremely literal computers interpret our ambiguous language and how humans do.

To a computer, that would read:

Go to store
If they have eggs
then pick up a dozen loafs of bread
else
pick up just a single loaf of bread

Since it was never specified to get eggs, the presence of eggs was merely a condition to indicate how many loafs of bread to get.

We programmers are extremely literal. Here's another one:

A programmer was found dead in his shower. In his hand was found a shampoo bottle with the instructions:

Shampoo; rinse; repeat

To a programmer that's a never-ending loop, and you'd never stop shampooing.

I did a very little script writing/programming when I was younger.

So far as I know, at least.

the programmer is it so must count to 100. Closing their eyes tightly they start counting 1...2...3...4 and open their eyes.

On edit: I totally wasn't thinking that the 2 fingers were next to each other. Until I actually did it. I would say that is my a.) lack of common sense or b.) out of the box thinking

I'll have to share this with the other interpreters on the Science and Engineering core team.