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Warren Stupidity

(48,181 posts)
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 11:10 AM Jun 2014

June 2 1692 Bridget Bishop goes on trial for witchcraft in Salem.


Bishop was accused of bewitching five young women, Abigail Williams, Ann Putnam, Jr., Mercy Lewis, Mary Walcott, and Elizabeth Hubbard, on the date of her examination by the authorities, 19 April 1692.

William Stacy, a middle aged man in Salem Town, testified that Bishop had previously made statements to him that other people in the town considered her to be a witch. And when he confronted her with the allegation that she was using witchcraft to torment him, which she denied.

Another local man, Samuel Shattuck, accused Bishop of bewitching his child and also of striking his son with a spade. He also testified that Bishop asked him to dye lace, which apparently was too small to be used on anything but a poppet (doll used in spell-casting).

John and William Bly, father and son, testified about finding poppets in Bishop's house and also about their pig that appeared to be bewitched, or poisoned, after a dispute with Bishop.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridget_Bishop

She was hanged June 10, 1692.
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June 2 1692 Bridget Bishop goes on trial for witchcraft in Salem. (Original Post) Warren Stupidity Jun 2014 OP
But was it because of religion? I'm sure some will venture their opinions. trotsky Jun 2014 #1
The interesting part of the events is the mass delusional activity. Warren Stupidity Jun 2014 #2
Right - an aspect that cannot be overlooked. trotsky Jun 2014 #3
There is quite a lot of evidence the trials were a result of disputes over land Act_of_Reparation Jun 2014 #4
Precisely. trotsky Jun 2014 #6
rw religion has existed for a long time. But it was not all about religion. There were different jwirr Jun 2014 #5
Murdered for something that isn't real. AtheistCrusader Jun 2014 #7
You left out 1190. rug Jun 2014 #8
History Lordquinton Jun 2014 #15
That's true but today is the anniversary of the Gordon Riots. rug Jun 2014 #19
nice cherry picking Lordquinton Jun 2014 #30
nice cliche tossing rug Jun 2014 #37
.. Samuel Parris initially pursued a career as a merchant and planter ... But commerce proved struggle4progress Jun 2014 #9
... Samuel Parris had a relatively small family. He .. had a nine year old daughter, Betty, struggle4progress Jun 2014 #10
... In church, the girls spoke about silly things during the meeting such as "there is a yellow bird struggle4progress Jun 2014 #11
Sara Good: After her first marriage to an indentured servant left her deep in debt, Good married struggle4progress Jun 2014 #12
Sarah Warren Prince Osborne ... sometimes referred to as "Goody Osborne," struggle4progress Jun 2014 #13
Tituba: The Slave of Salem struggle4progress Jun 2014 #14
... What commands so much notice is, in part, the peculiarity of what happened at Salem Village struggle4progress Jun 2014 #16
I seemed to have triggered some compulsion. Warren Stupidity Jun 2014 #17
It seems interesting to me that the accusations originate from the home struggle4progress Jun 2014 #18
Is your point in All this that there edhopper Jun 2014 #21
Maybe one should learn what actually happened before trying to interpret it struggle4progress Jun 2014 #22
I m not sure if you are trying to give a more thorough edhopper Jun 2014 #24
There's something to explain here, isn't there? There are five or six struggle4progress Jun 2014 #27
Yes edhopper Jun 2014 #28
Even on a broader scale, there is something to explain struggle4progress Jun 2014 #32
There is no dispute that those in power edhopper Jun 2014 #34
Exodus 22:18 "kill the witches". Warren Stupidity Jun 2014 #35
There were many factors at play, certainly. Goblinmonger Jun 2014 #36
your just going to get another dozen stutters full of links and excerpts. Warren Stupidity Jun 2014 #23
Does the actual story interest you? You can count on the fingers of one hand struggle4progress Jun 2014 #26
I'm more fascinated by your posting style. Warren Stupidity Jun 2014 #29
That doesn't seem to be a discussion of events in Salem village 1692 struggle4progress Jun 2014 #31
Am I hijacking my thread? Warren Stupidity Jun 2014 #33
George Burroughs struggle4progress Jun 2014 #20
A list of the other executions in Massachusetts for witchcraft struggle4progress Jun 2014 #25

trotsky

(49,533 posts)
1. But was it because of religion? I'm sure some will venture their opinions.
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 11:20 AM
Jun 2014

Maybe, maybe not. But we do know that religion made it possible to consider the charge of witchcraft and the death sentence as its punishment.

 

Warren Stupidity

(48,181 posts)
2. The interesting part of the events is the mass delusional activity.
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 11:25 AM
Jun 2014

Were all of the people involved simply psychotic? Was it ergot poisoning? Was it religious indoctrination and coercion?

trotsky

(49,533 posts)
3. Right - an aspect that cannot be overlooked.
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 11:30 AM
Jun 2014

Especially since it's a core feature of much religion - the shared spiritual experience.

Act_of_Reparation

(9,116 posts)
4. There is quite a lot of evidence the trials were a result of disputes over land
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 11:38 AM
Jun 2014

Of course, what good is an accusation of witchcraft without a sincere belief in the phenomenon and an explicit Biblical prohibition against it?

Was religion the cause? Perhaps not. At the very least, it was a catalyst... gasoline tossed on a smoldering fire.

trotsky

(49,533 posts)
6. Precisely.
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 11:54 AM
Jun 2014

Could they have trumped up some other charge if the sole reason was to obtain their property? Probably, but would it have been as effective? Could a death penalty (thus conveniently freeing up the ownership issue) have been justified as easily?

There are some who cannot allow for the possibility of religion playing a role, and that's unfortunate. Those who cannot learn from history, as they say.

jwirr

(39,215 posts)
5. rw religion has existed for a long time. But it was not all about religion. There were different
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 11:41 AM
Jun 2014

economic aspects here also. The one side was in one church and the other side was in another. The church was the vehicle they used to try to win their side.

BTW 3 sister who are in my family tree were also tried. I would have to look up the details but they were there.

 

rug

(82,333 posts)
8. You left out 1190.
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 12:07 PM
Jun 2014
June 10, 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem.


If you're going to troll, do it right.

struggle4progress

(118,041 posts)
9. .. Samuel Parris initially pursued a career as a merchant and planter ... But commerce proved
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 03:52 PM
Jun 2014

unsatisfying, and Parris decided on a new career in the ministry ... The union of Parris and Salem Village appeared to begin smoothly, but within two years of his arrival, dissatisfaction with Parris was evident. His difficulties stemmed in part from disagreements over his contract, which never seems to have been formalized ...
http://www.tulane.edu/~salem/Samuel%20Parris.html

By the fall of 1691, only two years after his ordination, Parris's ritual orthodoxy, overbearing disposition, and disputed contract had created another crisis for Salem Village's church. Attendance was down and village officials refused to provide firewood to warm the church or Parris's house. Most ominous for Parris and his supporters was the success of his opponents in capturing the Committee of Five that oversaw matters relating to the church. A new committee, chosen by the village in October 1691, announced its refusal to relinquish the ministry house and land to Parris or to collect taxes for his salary, leaving it to the villagers to pay by "voluntary contributions" ... We will never know how the village's controversies over firewood, ownership of the ministry house, taxes, church doctrine, and Parris's ministry itself would have been resolved; all were subsumed within .. the witchcraft outbreak ...
http://www.tulane.edu/~salem/Salem%20Village%20Divided.html





struggle4progress

(118,041 posts)
10. ... Samuel Parris had a relatively small family. He .. had a nine year old daughter, Betty,
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 04:00 PM
Jun 2014

and a twelve year old niece, Abigail Williams .. an orphan. Abigail was expected to earn her keep by doing most of the household chores, and also care for her invalid aunt. Betty’s poor health prevented her from helping with the household chores ... Samuel Parris ... opposed the girls playing hide-and-seek, tag and other childhood games ... Reading was a popular pastime during the winter months. There was an interest in books about prophecy and fortune telling throughout New England during the winter of 1691-92. These books were especially popular among young girls and adolescents. In Essex County girls formed small, informal circles to practice the divinations and fortune telling they learned from their reading to help pass the cold months. Betty Parris, her cousin Abigail Williams, and two other friends formed such a circle. Tituba, Rev. Parris’ slave whom he bought while on a trip to Barbados, would often participate in the circle. She would entertain the others with stories of witchcraft, demons, and mystic animals. Other girls soon joined their circle in the evenings to listen to Tituba’s tales and participate in fortune telling experiments ...
http://www.salemwitchtrials.com/salemwitchcraft.html

... When nine-year-old Elizabeth Parris began acting strangely in late August 1691 her father, Reverend Samuel Parris, first believed she was the victim of physical ailment ... and asked Salem Village’s physician, William Griggs, to examine the girls. He did not find any physical cause for their strange behavior and concluded the girls were bewitched


struggle4progress

(118,041 posts)
11. ... In church, the girls spoke about silly things during the meeting such as "there is a yellow bird
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 04:09 PM
Jun 2014

on the minister's head," .. said .. Anne Putnam ... People at church believed that no one would interrupt a good church service but the devil ... Elizabeth and Abigail accused Sarah Good.., Sarah Osborne .. and Tituba .. of casting a spell on them ...
http://people.ucls.uchicago.edu/~snekros/Salem%20Journal/Hysteria/TaylorBMilesL.html

... Sarah Osborne was an elderly lady who had not gone to church in over a year, and poor church attendance was a Puritan sin. Sarah Good was a homeless woman who begged door to door. If people failed to give her alms, she would utter unknown words and leave ... Tituba was Parris’ slave ...
http://www.salemwitchtrials.com/salemwitchcraft.html

... Tituba denied the accusation but her "confession" was beaten out of her. She finally said she was working with the devil and that she rode on a broomstick. She spoke of a tall man who told her to sign the book of the devil in blood. However, she also spoke of a book, the names of all the witches in Salem. According to Tituba, there were nine witches. Herself, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne were amongst the names on the list, but the other six witches were unknown ...
http://people.ucls.uchicago.edu/~snekros/Salem%20Journal/Hysteria/TaylorBMilesL.html

struggle4progress

(118,041 posts)
12. Sara Good: After her first marriage to an indentured servant left her deep in debt, Good married
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 04:16 PM
Jun 2014

a laborer who worked in exchange for food and lodging, and the two eked out a meager existence in Salem Village. She was among the first suspects identified by the female children when they were questioned by magistrates in February 1692. Good protested her innocence, but officials insisted upon questioning her young daughter, and the child’s timid answers were construed as proof of Good’s guilt. Good was pregnant at the time of her conviction, and officials stayed her execution until she could give birth. The infant died in prison ...
http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/expedition-week/articles/salem-witchcraft-trials/

struggle4progress

(118,041 posts)
13. Sarah Warren Prince Osborne ... sometimes referred to as "Goody Osborne,"
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 04:24 PM
Jun 2014

Goody being short for "Goodwife" and at the time a form of address for old women of lowly social status ... Born Sarah Warren .. she grew up to marry .. Robert Prince ... She moved with her husband to Salem Village in 1662, where Robert owned a 150-acre farm next to Captain John Putnam .. his brother-in-law ... Robert Prince died in 1674 ... He left his land entrusted to Sarah with the provision that upon their sons' coming of age, it be given to them ... Soon after her husband's death, Sarah hired .. Alexander Osborne as a farm hand ... Rumors .. spread that Sarah Prince and Alexander Osborne were "living together" and the pair eventually married. Afterwards, Sarah attempted to overtake her children's inheritance and seize control of the estate for herself and her new husband. However, the powerful Putnam family would defend the rights of her sons in an extensive legal battle ... She died, shackled in prison on May 10, 1692 ...
http://www.legendsofamerica.com/ma-witches-o-p.html

struggle4progress

(118,041 posts)
14. Tituba: The Slave of Salem
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 04:31 PM
Jun 2014

... the actual court documents from her trial refer to her as an “Indian woman, servant.” Not much is known .. except that she was born in an Arawak Village in South America where she was captured during her childhood and taken to Barbados as a slave ... Tituba’s examination .. in March sparked a massive witch hunt ... Tituba went on to describe conversations she had with evil pigs, dogs and rats who all ordered her to do their bidding and said she personally witnessed Sarah Good and Sarah Osbourne transform into strange, winged creatures ... Many sources, including Tituba .., indicate she was forced to confess after being beaten by Parris. Also, as a slave with no social standing, money or personal property in the community, Tituba had nothing to lose by confessing to the crime and probably knew that a confession could save her life ... Since Tituba confessed, her case never went to trial and she was spared the gallows ... Tituba remained in jail but as the witch trials continued, she retracted her confession ... On May 9, a grand jury in Ipswich declined to indict Tituba .. indicating .. lack of evidence. In retaliation .. Parris refused to pay the jailer for Tituba’s imprisonment and she was sold to an unknown person who paid her fees. It is not known what happened to Tituba after she was purchased ...
http://historyofmassachusetts.org/tituba-the-slave-of-salem/

struggle4progress

(118,041 posts)
16. ... What commands so much notice is, in part, the peculiarity of what happened at Salem Village
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 04:48 PM
Jun 2014

within the broader context of British North American experience. While similar witch crazes had wracked many early modern European communities and often resulted in mass trials and executions, most cases of witchcraft in colonial communities (nearly all of them in New England) typically involved only one suspect, and relatively few prosecutions ended in the execution of the accused witch ... Yet it is precisely the uniqueness of Salem Village hysteria in colonial experience that has fascinated so many scholars ... Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum contend that .. what prompted accusations of witchcraft were the anxieties and resentments festering among some Salem Village families who were faltering and falling behind in a society being rapidly transformed by the quest for profit and material comforts ... Carol Karlsen argues that accusations of witchcraft both in Salem Village and elsewhere in New England, which targeted in disproportionate numbers those women who stood to inherit property, reflected the depth of misogyny within this Puritan culture. Still other historians have turned their attention toward Salem Village because it figures as a spectacular example of how “pagan” forms of supernatural belief endured even in the fervently Christian culture of Puritan New England .. Salem Village vividly illustrates .. the .. persistence among .. New Englanders of beliefs in witchcraft and magic, demonical possession and angelic visitations, spectral apparitions, prophetic dreams, and portents. Not only did the wealthy and learned credit such phenomena as readily as humbler folk, but such convictions coexisted easily with their devotion to Puritanism. In short, New Englanders .. inhabited a complex supernatural universe, one in which Christian doctrines and practices were mingled with varied beliefs in “a world of wonders” ...
http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/eighteen/ekeyinfo/salemwc.htm

struggle4progress

(118,041 posts)
18. It seems interesting to me that the accusations originate from the home
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 06:01 PM
Jun 2014

of Samuel Parris, at a time when local political debate centers on Salem village's unwritten contractual obligations to Parris, that the original accusers are children in the Parris household and their friends, that the Parris household slave Tituba seems to be the first accused, that Tituba confesses after being beaten by Parris and saves her own life by accusing others before recanting, that Parris is irritated enough by Tituba's retraction that he eventually sells her, and that the accusers and accused may generally have lived on opposite sides of town, as suggested by this map of Salem village



where (I think) the parsonage site was near the cluster of letters bisected by the dotted line

It is also interesting that larger political forces soon have an effect:

... The Essex County Court declared that the Salem Village committee was derelict in its duties, and ordered for a new election on January 15, 1693. An anti-Parris committee was elected as a result ...

February 29, 1692: Arrest warrants are issued for Tituba, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne ...
October 3, 1692: .. Increase Mather, President of Harvard College .., denounces the use of spectral evidence.
October 8, 1692: Governor Phipps orders that spectral evidence no longer be admitted in witchcraft trials.
October 29, 1692: Phipps prohibits further arrests, releases many accused witches, and dissolves the Court of Oyer and Terminer.
November 25, 1692: The General Court establishes a Superior Court to try remaining witches.
January 3, 1693: Judge Stoughton orders execution of all suspected witches who were exempted by their pregnancy. Phipps denied enforcement of the order causing Stoughton to leave the bench.
January 1693: 49 of the 52 surviving people brought into court on witchcraft charges are released because their arrests were based on spectral evidence ...
May 1693: Phipps pardons those still in prison on witchcraft charges

http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/asal_ch.htm









edhopper

(33,216 posts)
21. Is your point in All this that there
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 08:49 PM
Jun 2014

Were circumstance beyond religion that also were at play. I don't think anyone denies this.
But I hope you don't deny that without the core religious belief in witches and witchcraft, which stemmed from their religion, none of this could have happened.

edhopper

(33,216 posts)
24. I m not sure if you are trying to give a more thorough
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 09:05 PM
Jun 2014

Last edited Mon Jun 2, 2014, 10:38 PM - Edit history (2)

Explanation of the events, or trying to minimize and diminish the role of religion in the trials?

struggle4progress

(118,041 posts)
27. There's something to explain here, isn't there? There are five or six
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 10:00 PM
Jun 2014

executions for witchcraft outside of Salem village in all of seventeenth century Massachusetts

But suddenly in Salem village in a period of a few months there is an explosion of cases in about half a year

edhopper

(33,216 posts)
28. Yes
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 10:43 PM
Jun 2014

I've heard several interesting theories. Including a fear of Native Americans, which correspond with the description they had of the devil.
But without the public believing in witchcraft, none of it happens, and I think this stems from their religion, no matter the motives of the perpetrators.

struggle4progress

(118,041 posts)
32. Even on a broader scale, there is something to explain
Tue Jun 3, 2014, 12:36 AM
Jun 2014

Witch hysteria first appears in the West in the late middle ages. Henry VIII criminalized witchcraft in England in 1542; in 1735, Parliament made it a crime not only to claim powers to call up spirits but also to accuse anyone else of doing so. Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded in the interval between

edhopper

(33,216 posts)
34. There is no dispute that those in power
Tue Jun 3, 2014, 08:55 AM
Jun 2014

have used religion for their own agenda.
Even today we see Republicans use erroneous beliefs (religious and otherwise) to promote their interests.
And yes, there is more to explain than "religion bad". There are causes for this particular episode, whatever they may be. But that doesn't preclude the large roll religion played.
I think there are many issues that led to this, but I also think the beliefs of the population are the key as to why they were allowed to happen. If the population did not accept that witches were real, I doubt they would have stood by while people were executed for it.
There are parallels happening today.

 

Warren Stupidity

(48,181 posts)
35. Exodus 22:18 "kill the witches".
Tue Jun 3, 2014, 09:37 AM
Jun 2014

You can struggle all you want to escape the plain fact that the Abrahamic religion required the faithful to put "witches" to death. You can blame Henry VIII, but you do so ignoring the total involvement of religious authorities. 300 years of murdering women (and some men,) mostly driven by religious zealots. What happened in the late middle ages was that sorcery went from a pagan superstition generally ignored, to heresy threatening the foundations of christiandom. This was a theological shift, and provided the legal framework for some rather stunning acts of depravity in the name of the Christian god.

 

Goblinmonger

(22,340 posts)
36. There were many factors at play, certainly.
Tue Jun 3, 2014, 10:01 AM
Jun 2014

But to say that the dominant Christian religion of the time period, combined with the theocracy, didn't make such madness possible is turning a blind eye. Absent the religion/theocracy, I don't believe this all would have happened.

There were economic issues at play.
There were "urban" vs rural issues at play.
There were jealousies at play (primarily about children living but others, too).
There was likely ergot poisoning at play.
There were land grabs at play (which are part of economic issues but enough to be separated out).

Religion gave the perfect means for all of those goals to be met. The use of spectral evidence, which Proctor rails against, was ridiculous but perfectly logical in that religion and theocracy. Would people have confessed to the sin if it weren't a theocracy?

struggle4progress

(118,041 posts)
26. Does the actual story interest you? You can count on the fingers of one hand
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 09:52 PM
Jun 2014

the persons hanged for witchcraft in seventeenth century Massachusetts outside of Salem village

It seems odd that George Burroughs, who served as a minister in the village 180-1683 and then left with the village owing him a considerable sum of money, was arrested in Maine nearly a decade later in 1692 and brought back to the village for trial and eventual execution. The accusations against Burroughs came from the Putnam family, which had been involved in monetary disputes with him and which had eventually recruited Samuel Parris as minister for the village. The hysteria originated in Parris's household. Parris himself was also involved in considerable disputes about his pay and perquisites as minister, and political maneuvers around such issues continued during the trials

The political dimensions can't be ignored in efforts to understand the events. The governor, William Phips, originally appointed a court to try the cases but later repeatedly intervened to strip the court of power, prompting the resignation of the chief judge, William Stoughton, who later became acting governor. Notably, however, no witch executions in Massachusetts followed those in Salem village

 

Warren Stupidity

(48,181 posts)
29. I'm more fascinated by your posting style.
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 10:43 PM
Jun 2014

Do you know that everyone here also knows how to use the google?

 

Warren Stupidity

(48,181 posts)
33. Am I hijacking my thread?
Tue Jun 3, 2014, 07:37 AM
Jun 2014

It seems to me that the form a thread takes is actually on topic, not that there is anything wrong with going off topic.

struggle4progress

(118,041 posts)
20. George Burroughs
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 08:42 PM
Jun 2014
... Burroughs was born in either Maryland or Virginia ... He graduated from Harvard College in 1670 ... He moved to the Village of Salem in 1680 ... Burroughs ministered in the Village of Salem for only two years. He left as a result of a bitter dispute over his salary. He seems also to have had a more personal and heated dispute over money with John Putnam, the uncle of one of Burroughs' later accusers ...Burroughs had been serving as a minister in Wells for nine years when .. arrested for witchcraft. He was .. hauled back to Salem on May 4 to stand trial ...
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_BBUR.HTM

... At the time of his departure, the town owed Burroughs over thirty five pounds. Having drawn against this to pay for the funeral of his wife, he arranged with Deacon Nathaniel Ingersoll to pay John Putnam fifteen pounds when the funds in the church treasury were sufficient. "Burroughs had, however, offended Captain John <Putnam> by refusing to preach unless he was paid and was openly planning to leave. Captain John, joined by Lieutenant Thomas (Putnam)..., first petitioned the court to force Burroughs to stay. This failed, and Captain John then filed suit." ... When Burroughs returned to Salem to settle the issue of the owed money, he learned that John Putnam had issued the warrant for his arrest. John Putnam recited to the court debts that seemed extraordinary. Nathaniel Ingersoll, a cousin of Putnam, rose in the defense of Burroughs, saying the debts owed Putnam by Burroughs were none. It was common knowledge that the village owed Burroughs money for the services he rendered. Because of this, Burroughs owed different villagers who had lent him money or supplies in his time of need ...
http://www.loyno.edu/~history/journal/1998-9/Karson.htm

... the accused and the accusers generally took opposite sides in a congregational schism that had split the Salem community before the outbreak of hysteria. While many of the accused witches supported former minister George Burroughs, the families that included the accusers had -- for the most part -- played leading roles in forcing Burroughs to leave Salem ...
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/sal_acct.htm

struggle4progress

(118,041 posts)
25. A list of the other executions in Massachusetts for witchcraft
Mon Jun 2, 2014, 09:28 PM
Jun 2014

1647? Elizabeth KENDALL Cambridge
1648- Margaret JONES Charlestown
1651? Mrs. Alice LAKE Dorchester
1656- Ann HIBBENS Boston
1688- (female) GLOVER Boston
link

Another list includes

1651- MARY PARSONS Suffolk

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