Therefore, they have the technology.
http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2008/07/116_28088.html'N. Korea May Develop Electromagnetic Pulse Weapon System'
By Michael Ha
Staff Reporter
A top U.S. scientist warned American lawmakers of a possible catastrophic national security scenario: a possible development of Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) weapons by rogue states, including North Korea, and a potential detonation of such a device on American soil.
William Graham, chairman of the U.S. government-sponsored ``Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States," told U.S. lawmakers that the Stalinist state has the required technologies to develop such weapons.
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``For example, an adversary would not have to have long-range ballistic missiles to conduct an EMP attack against the United States. Such an attack could be launched from a freighter off the U.S. coast using a short- or medium-range missile to loft a nuclear warhead to high altitude."
He said even small nuclear weapons can create massive EMP effects, giving out an intensely fluctuating magnetic field, over wide geographic areas. ``United Nations investigators recently found that the design for an advanced nuclear weapon, miniaturized to fit on ballistic missiles currently in the inventory of Iran, North Korea and other potentially hostile states, was in the possession of Swiss criminals affiliated with the A.Q. Khan nuclear smuggling network."
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http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/cst/bugs_ch12.pdf< snip >
Nuclear High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP)
Nuclear devices that generate HEMP are the most sophisticated, expensive, and effective electromagnetic weapons. The U.S. military first witnessed their effects after a series of high-altitude nuclear tests on Johnston Atoll in 1962. These tests unexpectedly generated disruptions in electronic systems in Hawaii, over 1000 miles away, due to EMP effects. Electronic systems failed across the island, radio broadcasts were interrupted, streetlights burned out, and burglar alarms sounded. The Soviets had similar experiences, damaging overhead and underground cables at distances of 400 miles from low yield (300 kiloton) high altitude nuclear tests.
HEMP is generated as a side effect of high-altitude nuclear detonation interaction with the atmosphere. Gamma rays released by the explosion interact with air molecules, producing high-energy free electrons through Compton scattering. These electrons are then trapped in the earth’s magnetic field, generating an oscillating electric current, which gives rise to a rapidly radiating coherent electromagnetic pulse. The pulse can span continent-sized areas, due to the vast line of sight provide by its altitude, and affect systems on land, sea, and air.
Characteristics
The HEMP is composed of three components. The first (E1) is a high frequency (1 MHz-1 GHz) free-field energy pulse with a rise time of a few billionths of a second. This component disrupts or damages electronics-based control systems, sensors, communications systems, computers, and similar devices. The second component (E2) is a medium frequency pulse, similar to lightning, that follows E1 by a few millionths of a second. The E2 component is not particularly dangerous to electronics, especially those hardened against lightning, except when the E1 pulse damages surge protection circuitry first. The third component is relatively low frequency (3-30 Hz) slower rising pulse that follows E2 by a couple thousandths of a second and creates disruptive currents in long transmission lines. The sequence of E1, E2, and E3 is important, because each causes damage building on the preceding pulse.
The strength of HEMP depends on the design and yield of the nuclear device. However, relatively low-yield weapons can have devastating effects. For example, a 1-2 megaton device detonated at an altitude of 250 miles would produce a field strength of 10-50 kV/m, enough to produce extensive damage to electronics over the entire continental U.S. This illustrates the most significant characteristic of HEMP: one or a few high-altitude nuclear detonations can cause widespread damage due to its high power, wide coverage, and broad bandwidth.
Proliferation
Generating HEMP is very difficult and expensive because it requires the ability to field both a nuclear weapon and a delivery system to get it to altitude. It is critical to note that HEMP occurs for nuclear detonations above 25 miles and is most effective above approximately 70 miles. The higher the burst is, the more widespread the effects due to line of sight. Currently, the United States, Russia, United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, and Israel have the capability to produce HEMP, and 11 other countries are not far behind, either due to indigenous weapons programs or arms trading. More than 128,000 nuclear warheads have been built worldwide since 1945, and many are unaccounted for. In addition, over 10,000 missiles owned by 30 countries are capable of lifting a nuclear weapon over U.S. expeditionary forces. Of particular concern is North Korea, which recently declared ownership of nuclear weapons and has a robust short and intermediate range ballistic missile program with many fielded systems.
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