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In Chinese culture the idea of having a son is very important. Basically when a woman marries, she become's part of her husband's family, so if you don't have a son, when you die that means there'll be nobody to burn incense for you in the afterlife.
That might sound kinda trivial and silly to western ears but keeping the memory of your parents and grandparents alive is very important in Chinese culture. My in-laws are Vietnamese-Chinese. Like most families from mainland Asia, they have a shrine in the house which includes small statues and pictures of Chinese gods, my father-in-law's parents and grandparents, and incense, flowers, fruit and cups of wine. Every morning my mother in law burns incense and prays for about 10 minutes, and every evening my father-in-law does the same thing. Once every lunar month they buy a big pile of Chinese food which is left in front of the shrine for several hours and then put on the kitchen table after evening prayer, at which point the whole family (including me) are expected to show up and share it. and there are other ceremonies at seasonal and annual intervals, and for anniversaries and so on.
It's all pretty elaborate - and yet my in-laws are not particularly religious people. This is just something that most Asian families do as a matter of course. When our parents pass away we'll have a shrine too, though we figure we might as well include both sides of our family rather than just mine. My point is that while it's rooted in religious/superstitious ideas, the family-history thing is at the very roots of Asian culture. It's much more important to have your little shrine and keep it nice than it is to go to a temple or anything like that.
So, with all this preference for sons and with the one-child policy, China now has the problem that the ratio of men to women is way high, especially in the cities, largely through selective abortions. I forget the exact number, but something like 6 to 5. So in a country with a billion people, that's tens of millions of men who won't be able to find a wife and have a family of their own, and in traditional Chinese culture this basically means your entire life is a failure because you are responsible for the family dying out. Bear in mind that China operated as an empire which was largely closed to the world until 100 years ago, so whatever you think of the current semi-communist political system they have, it's not possible to rewrite 3-4,000 years of cultural practice.
The one-child policy is already pretty drastic in a culture where the tradition is to have a lot of children, and in fact it is not as strictly applied as it used to be. but if they hadn't put that policy in place, their population would probably be 30-40% larger and all past experience is that the result would be regular famines. So it's a choice between limiting family sizes or have a food crisis every 10 years which results in the deaths of tens of millions of people.
So basically, when you hear of these knife attacks, they are of course driven by individual people going mad but in most cases it turns out that the reason they did so was failure to get married, end of the family line which is the Chinese equivalent of going to hell and being eaten by demons, and the person goes crazy and wants to take several other families with him.
There isn't really an easy answer on how to deal with it - and yes, they are trying all the obvious things like more security and making it easier for people to marry someone from outside China and so on. But any social problem scaled up to a society of a billion people is difficult to handle.
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