Chicago Tribune (subscription)
http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-0404130218apr13,1,1593504.story?coll=chi-newsnationworld-hed-or-
Baboons retool culture after bullies die out
http://www.azcentral.com/news/articles/0413baboon13.html (free)
Synopsis: a long term study revealed that a community of bullying baboons changed into a more nuturing society after all the "biggest, nastiest and most despotic males" died from Tuberculosis. Today, it's still a much more peaceful and loving community, twenty years later.
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Among a troop of savanna baboons in Kenya, a terrible outbreak of tuberculosis 20 years ago selectively killed off the biggest, nastiest and most despotic males, setting the stage for a social and behavioral transformation unlike any seen in this notoriously truculent primate.
The victims were all dominant adult males that had been strong and snarly enough to fight with a neighboring baboon troop over the spoils at a tourist-lodge dump and were exposed there to meat tainted with bovine tuberculosis, which soon killed them. Left behind in the Forest Troop were the 50 percent of males that had been too subordinate to try dump brawling as well as the females and their young.
With that change in demographics came a cultural swing toward pacifism, a relaxing of the usually parlous baboon hierarchy and a willingness to use affection and mutual grooming rather than threats, swipes and bites to foster a patriotic spirit.
Remarkably, the Forest Troop has maintained its genial style over two decades, even though the male survivors of the epidemic have since died or disappeared and been replaced by males from the outside. (As is the case for most primates, baboon females spend their lives in their natal home, while the males leave at puberty.)
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originally NYT-Stanford Researchers -the journal PloS Biology (online at www.plosbiology.org)