From the Charleston (WV) Daily Mail
In 1996, a Republican Congress and a Democratic president agreed to encourage companies to extend telephone and other services to rural areas through subsidies.
The money comes from a fee on long distance bills. The Universal Service Fund has so far relieved phone customers of $44 billion.
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Wrote Dunbar: "Each time a cell phone company signs up a new customer, it collects a subsidy. If the customer keeps the land line, the fund pays a subsidy to both carriers. If the customer drops the land line and keeps the cell phone, the per-subscriber subsidy for the land-line carrier goes up, keeping the overall subsidy unchanged.
"In some high-cost areas, the subsidy can be several hundred dollars per customer per month.
"Since the cellular competitor's rates are based on the incumbent's per-customer subsidy, the cell carrier gets more money, too. And so does every other cellular competitor doing business in the area."
http://www.dailymail.com/story/Opinion/2007072413/Phone-subsidies-are-out-of-control/Edited to correct source