The Orangeburg MassacreIt had been four years since the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and most public places in Orangeburg, South Carolina were integrated. However, the city’s All Star bowling alley remained segregated. On the evening of February 6, black students from South Carolina State University and Clafin College gathered in protest in front of the bowling alley. The next night they returned. On that evening, fifteen were arrested. After two days of protest, tension was already high by the evening of February 8.
Students again organized in protest. But this time they gathered on the campus of South Carolina State. They started a bonfire and as law enforcement tried to put it out, an officer was injured with a piece of banister.
In response to the commotion, a highway patrolman fired his gun into the air to calm the crowd. But instead of ending the commotion, other law enforcement officers began shooting into the crowd of student protestors. As a result, three students were killed and 27 were injured. The nine patrolmen responsible were charged with using excessive force; all were acquitted.
http://afroamhistory.about.com/cs/civilrights/a/orangeburg.htmThe Orangeburg MassacreThe shootings occurred on February 8, 1968, two nights after an effort by students from an almost all all-black college to bowl at the city’s only bowling alley. The owner refused. Tensions rose and violence erupted. When it ended, nine students and one city policeman received hospital treatment for injuries. Other students were treated at the college infirmary. College faculty and administrators at the scene witnessed at least two instances where a female student was held by one officer and clubbed by another. In total, 28 students were injured and three were dead.
After two days of escalating tension, a fire truck was called to douse a bonfire lit by students on a street in front of the campus. State troopers—all of them white, with little training in crowd control—moved in to protect the firemen. As more than 100 students retreated inside the campus, a student tossed a banister rail which struck one trooper in the face. He fell to the ground bleeding. Five minutes later, almost 70 law enforcement officers lined the edge of the campus. They were armed with carbines, pistols and riot guns—short-barreled shotguns that by dictionary definition are used “to disperse rioters rather than to inflict serious injury or death.” But theirs were loaded with lethal buckshot, which hunters use to kill deer. Each shell contained nine to 12 pellets the size of a .32 caliber pistol slug.
As students began returning to the front to watch their bonfire go out, a patrolman suddenly squeezed several rounds from his carbine into the air—apparently intended as warning shots. As other officers began firing, students fled in panic or dived for cover, many getting shot in their backs and sides and even the soles of their feet.
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