Continuous ice-core records of the atmosphere - that is, actual atmosphere samples - show that current CO2 content is far beyond the natural variations shown going back over 400,000 years. It's now about 40% higher than it's been for that entire period.
As ice-core projects in both Greenland and Antarctica race to the very bottoms of the ice caps, we'll soon have completed a direct timeline of atmospheric samples going back more than 800,000 years, and scientists suspect that it will show much the same evidence.
Proxy atmospheric data - comparative amounts of carbon & other elements in fossilized seashells, sediment and stratigraphic data, ocean floor core samples and plenty more - suggest that Earth has not seen this high a CO2 concentration since the beginning of the Eocene - that is, in the last 55 million years.
It's not just atmospheric data -
1. Oceanographers from the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany in summer, 2004, discovered a rapid temperature increases in the oceans north of Iceland. In the space of a single year, water temperatures rose by just over 1 degree Fahrenheit as deep as 500 meters below the surface. It doesn’t sound like much, but this is a profoundly rapid warming by ocean standards.
“Higher Water Temperatures and Reduced Ice Cover in the Arctic Ocean”, Alfred Wegener Institut fur Polar und Meeresforschung, 27 August 2004,
http://www.innovations-report.de.html/berichte/geowissenschafter/bericht/32875.html2. Qori Kalis glacier in Peru has been retreating since 1963. What’s interesting, though, is that the rate of horizontal retreat increased 3,200% between 1997 and 2000, an absolutely tremendous acceleration.
“Ice Caps In Africa, Tropical South America, Likely to Disappear Within 15 Years”,. NASA Earth Observatory, 18 February, 2001,
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/MediaAlerts/2001/200102184538.html3. The summer of 2004 brought more new record temperatures to Alaska. Prince of Wales Island hit the all-time record high for the state at 103F, while the coastal town of Ketchikan hit another all-time high of 93. Rivers and streams around the state capital of Juneau saw runs of pink salmon. There are no pink salmon runs near Juneau - the fish, in other words, were showing up in the wrong streams to spawn. The Mendenhall Glacier, also near Juneau, retreated over a tenth of a mile and lost 50 vertical feet in the course of a single summer.
“Record Highs Make 2004 a Summer to Remember,” Elizabeth Bluemink, The Juneau Empire, 13 September, 2004,
http://www.juneauempire.com/stories/091304/loc_recordhighs.shtml4. In August, 2004, scientists from Norway discovered a species of mussel found off France or the east coast of the United States. What was interesting was that they found them in the Svalbard archipelago, which straddles 80 degrees North and lies only about 600 miles from the North Pole. Svalbard was also completely free of sea ice this summer for the first time in centuries.
“Mussels found near North Pole in global warming sign,” 21 September 2004, Reuters,
http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/27235/story.htm5. Seabird colonies in Scotland, England and the North Sea islands suffered reproductive failure approaching 100% for nearly all species and all colonies this summer. Scientists believe that the collapse came from the disappearance of the sandeel, a small fish vital in the seabirds’ food chain. They also believe that warming North Sea and English Channel waters, now home to semi-tropical species like squid, seahorses, anchovies, sardines, wrasse and octopus, likely play a role in the collapse of the sandeel.
“Seabirds in Crisis over Food Shortage,” John ross, The Scotsman, 29 July 2004,
http://news.scotsman.com/scitech.cfm?id=866762004&20040729112145“Exotic Species are now Catch of the Day,” John Vidal, Guardian UK, 23 August, 2004,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,1288558,00.html6. Atmospheric CO2 content has been rising for centuries. Since 1958, it has been continuously monitored by Dr. Charles Keeling and his team at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. Keeling’s results show an increase from about 315 parts per million in 1958 to 367 parts per million in 2000, and ice core data show that CO2 content during the preindustrial age hovered between 275 and 280 ppm.. New data show a nearly 40% increase in the rate of buildup of atmospheric CO2 in the years 2002 and 2003, rising to three parts per million for two years straight. And a three-kilometer ice core drilled in Antarctica – direct physical evidence - shows that levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide have not been this high for at least 800,000 years.
“Melting Ice” The Threat to London’s Future,” Paul Brown, Guardian UK, 14 July, 2004,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/,03604,1260750,00.htmlPlease note that these are only a few of the most recent reports that something is going seriously haywire with the planet's climate - there are hundreds and hundreds of other examples in the scientific literature.
The jury's not out. It rendered its verdict a few years back, and the only question now is what we propose to do about that verdict.