Interim Recommendations: Infection Control Precautions for Influenza A (H5N1)
Infection control precautions for H5N1 remain unchanged from the CDC interim recommendations issued on February 3, 2004. All patients who present to a health-care setting with fever and respiratory symptoms should be managed according to recommendations for Respiratory Hygiene and Cough Etiquette and questioned regarding their recent travel history. Isolation precautions identical to those recommended for SARS should be implemented for all hospitalized patients diagnosed with or under evaluation for influenza A (H5N1) as follows:
* Standard Precautions
o Pay careful attention to hand hygiene before and after all patient contact
* Contact Precautions
o Use gloves and gown for all patient contact
* Eye protection
o Wear when within 3 feet of the patient
* Airborne Precautions
o Place the patient in an airborne isolation room (i.e., monitored negative air pressure in relation to the surrounding areas with 6 to 12 air changes per hour).
o Use a fit-tested respirator, at least as protective as a NIOSH-approved N-95 filtering facepiece respirator, when entering the room.
For additional information regarding these and other health-care isolation precautions, see the Guidelines for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals. These precautions should be continued for 14 days after onset of symptoms until an alternative diagnosis is established or until diagnostic test results indicate that the patient is not infected with influenza A virus (see Laboratory Testing Procedures below). Patients managed as outpatients or hospitalized patients discharged before 14 days should be isolated in the home setting on the basis of principles outlined for the home isolation of SARS patients (see www.cdc.gov/ncidod/sars/guidance/i/pdf/i.pdf).
Additional Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Information
* For information about reported outbreaks of avian influenza A (H5N1) among poultry, see the website of the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE).
* For information about human influenza A (H5N1) cases, see the WHO website.
* For clinical information about human influenza A (H5N1) cases, see:
o CDC. Cases of influenza A (H5N1) - Thailand, 2004. MMWR 2004;53:100-103.
o Hien TT, Liem AT, Dung NT, et al. Avian influenza A (H5N1) in 10 patients in Vietnam . New England Journal of Medicine 2004;350:1179-1188.
* For information about travel and avian H5N1 influenza, see the CDC Travelers’ Health website.
* For general information about influenza, see the CDC Influenza website.
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/professional/han020405.htm