(Slightly Brit-centric, but the issues covered are pretty universal.)
Half of all children aged four don't know their own name - but two thirds of three-year-olds can recognise the McDonald's golden arches. Jonathan Freedland investigates the multi-million-pound industry intent on turning teenagers and toddlers alike into avaricious consumers "B-Daman warriors. Rapid fire! Serious Accuracy! Awesome firepower! Be da man - with B-Daman!" "My scene goes Hollywood. It's so hot - and so are we!" "Get new Sticker-mania. It's amazingly cool!"If you have trouble recognising those product names, or even understanding the words, don't worry. They're not meant for you. They are, instead, examples of an industry worth at least £70m every year: advertising aimed directly at children. The value of indirect marketing - ads that are not made expressly for kids but are seen by them anyway - runs into the hundreds of millions. The result is that today's average British child is familiar with up to 400 brand names by the time they reach the age of 10. Researchers report that our children are more likely to recognise Ronald McDonald and the Nike swoosh than Jesus. One study found that 69% of all three-year-olds could identify the McDonald's golden arches - while half of all four-year-olds did not know their own name.
Parents have fretted about this for years. They know what it is to battle in the supermarket aisles with children professionally trained in the art of pester power. Those on low incomes are hit especially hard, nagged by kids desperate for gadgets or clothes they have seen on TV but which their parents cannot afford. The NHS reports rising incidence of mental illness among the young, with anxiety and depression linked to the pressure to buy, to own, to consume. The data shows today's children are unhappier than any generation of the postwar era.
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Parents of sick kids have reported McDonald's workers targeting children's wards of hospitals, handing out balloons and toys, but also leaflets promoting their own product. Others have noticed the food giants finding new ways to sell their wares, bypassing TV to reach directly into children's lives. The campaign group the Food Commission has singled out a Cheerios counting book that encourages toddlers to put cereal pieces in the slots on the page and Nestlé's offer of a customised story, featuring your child's name printed in a Milkybar Kid adventure. Advertisers love the idea of breaking into what psychologists call "the educable moment" - that precious second when a child is reading or playing and so at their most receptive.
http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1600020,00.html