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For whatever political/corporate reasons, Cox doesn't want home networks connected, rather, just a single PC. Don't ask me why, but some Einsteins out there have decided in their infinite wisdom that they only want one connection per high-speed line.
IF this is the case, they probably filter by MAC addresses, aka hardware addresses, aka burned-in addresses. The first few hex characters of each MAC address identify the manufacturer of the network interface card (NIC). Each Ethernet interface on a router is a separate NIC, as is the network card in your computer. So let's say, hypothetically, that Linksys routers are identified with 50FF as the preamble to their MAC addresses. Therefore, all MAC's that start with 50FF are known to be Linksys routers. (note: I'm assuming that the MAC's for Linksys network devices are numbered differently than MAC's for Linksys PC-based network cards, else this theory goes out the window). Anyway, in this case, the ISP would filter out MAC addresses that correspond to network devices, and only allow MAC addresses that corresponded to PC-based NIC's.
Solution: most routers will allow you to change the MAC address. You'd want to change the address of the "outside" or "WAN" or "Cable" interface, the one facing your ISP, in other words. Change it to the MAC address of your PC. In this way, if the problem is MAC-filter-related, the ISP's equipment will have no way of knowing that your router is not your PC. Some routers even have a "copy MAC address from PC function built-in.
Also, note that you won't have any routing problems, because MAC addresses are locally-significant. The MAC address possibly being filtered by your ISP is only considered by the first-hop router (at your ISP, probably, but sometimes the cable modem itself if it isn't acting as a bridge) and the "outside" of your router. The fact that your PC has the same MAC address will have no bearing on this. That address will be converted to an IP address on its way out, and I'm sure your router does NAT as well. But you can also change the MAC on your PC if it makes you feel better.
You will want to clear the ARP cache on all devices after making the changes. The procedure varies by machine, so a reboot of all devices is the surefire way to do this.
The problem could be something else entirely, but this would be the first thing I'd try.
Good luck.
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