Warming seas, overfishing and pollution mean it is vital to improve the system for monitoring the world's oceans, says a group of distinguished scientists.
The researchers say more data is needed to ensure the world is able to respond effectively to any potential threats.
An "adequate initial system" would include an integrated network of buoys, research vessels, satellites and tagging marine animals, they added.
The scientists want the global scheme to be completed within the next decade.
The call for action has been made by the Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans (Pogo), which includes many of the world's leading oceanographic research centres.
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