High Arctic Migratory Birds Face Potentially Big Climate Problems

REYKJAVIK - "The decline of migratory birds due to an accelerating Arctic thaw may also disrupt the delicate ecosystems of their far-flung winter homes from Africa to South America, experts said this week.

"Birds adapted to the high Arctic tundra are especially at risk," Hans Meltofte of Denmark's National Environmental Research Institute told Reuters at a conference reviewing an eight-nation report on global warming's impact in the Arctic. In the long term, global warming is likely to let forests grow further north in the Arctic, squeezing the tundra breeding grounds of shorebirds - like curlews, sandpipers or red knots - into a narrowing belt bounded by the Arctic Ocean.

The report says the Arctic is heating twice as fast as the rest of the globe and that the warming "will have implications for biodiversity around the world because migratory species depend on breeding and feeding grounds in the Arctic." Several hundred million birds migrate every year thousands of km (miles) to the Arctic to breed, largely because the chill region is almost free of egg-eating predators. They spend the Arctic winter in places from Patagonia to Mauritania.

"The bar-tailed godwit can fly from Alaska to New Zealand with no stops," Meltofte said. Populations already rise and fall according to the availability of food in the build-up to the giant flight, lasting almost a week. "The birds don't want to go to the Arctic but they have to go to breed," Meltofte said. "Imagine if two million shorebirds stayed and laid eggs on the ground in Mauritania. The chicks would be eaten by the crows, gulls or jackals."

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