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-- Monaco's laws are improperly put under this rubric, as are any laws from other countries. "International" for many, covers the semantic ground "foreign" used to, as was as what "international" used to. Recently somebody asked about favorite "international" cities ... by which s/he meant "foreign cities."
-- treaties and parts of treaties the US has signed and ratified and which are still acknowledged to be binding. (Some, like the ABM treaty, we signed and pulled out of, under the terms provided by the treaty itself.)
-- treaties and parts of treaties the US has not ratified, whether or not the US has signed them. This, for example, includes the capital punishment treaty referenced recently by SCOTUS and others concerning executing minors: the US specifically, and legally, exempted itself at ratification from the provisions governing execution of minors, so the US was not violating its treaty obligations. Kyoto's another instance of a treaty that's in effect, but not on us. ICC is another.
-- one problematic area of international law is regulations and edicts/pronouncements by lesser-ranking bodies and organizations. These come in two flavors. The first are regulations produced by an organization the US is in, by treaty or convention: e.g., WTO regulations. These tend to be binding on the US, although how they wind up being interpreted is frequently unpredictable. The second are regulations that are at best tangentially related to the US: a lot of UN bodies make rules that are frequently called 'international law', although they are, at best, binding on those bodies, meaningless beyond those boundaries; NGOs or their supporters typically also push things under the heading 'international law', whether they result from some sort of UN-sponsored conclave or not.
The 'international law' that RWers whine about typically is those types that aren't binding on the US: citing EU or Zimbabwean law, or the rulings or working paper from some minor body in the UN, or the document resulting from an international meeting on some topic.
I vaguely agree with many of their points: if we interpret US law by other tradition's standards, it's great for foreign policy. But SCOTUS isn't in charge of foreign policy, and should primarily concern themselves with interpreting the Constitution and laws in the framework in which they're written. If they want to overturn some provision because they think it's wrong, that's fine: but use logic, arguments based on US documents and legislative history, or case law. I don't think SCOTUS has relied crucially on any "international law", improperly defined, but has turned to it for ancillary support. This is unnecessary, polemical, and they should refrain from doing so. Their arguments stand or not, without reference to things that aren't, strictly speaking, legally applicable in the US.
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