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It actually goes back to George Washington, not Mckinnley.
There is also the 72-year cycle (which I guess works the same way - since 72 is 36 x 2).
Here is how it works:
In 1788, George Washington was elected President. He represented the "federalists" and was the leader of the movement for independence. For the next 36 years, these policies dominated American politics.
36 years later - in 1824, Andrew Jackson was elected. It is true that the "Jeffersonian Republican-Democrats" first came to power in 1800. But they weren't an organized party in the traditional sense. More like a faction. And they were limited to Jefferson and Madison. But in 1824, Jackson took that old faction and officially created the Democratic Party on the basis of reform. For the next 36 years, the Democrats and their agenda controlled the government in Washington since all the opposition parties: the federalists, the whigs, and the Republicans split the anti-Democrat vote.
36 years later - in 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected. He was the first Republican President, and essentially created the Republican Party (or was the first to bring it to power). Every one knows what he did. But the Civil War also destroyed the Democratic base in the South. The north became solidly Republican. They brought in reconstruction, ended slavery and the rest after the war ended. The Republicans became the new "majority party" after Lincoln.
36 years later - in 1896, William McKinnley was elected. William McKinnley is the father of the "modern" Republican Party. This was during the time of the Rubber Barons, etc. He and his successor Theodore Roosevelt, brought the west to the Republican Party. Big buisness and libertarian westerners-that was the new GOP coalition after 1896. Also, McKinnley was the first US President to recognize US international strength and was often accused of having an "imperialist" foreign policy. He was the one who: in 1897, annexed Hawaii; declared war on Spain (Spanish-American War) in 1898; annexed old Spanish colonies - Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Phillipines. TR was the one who built the Panama Canal.
36 years later - in 1932, Frankilin Roosevelt was elected. FDR brought in the "New Deal" Reforms, which dominated American politics for the next 36 years. Building the welfare state, which was seen as necessary to offset the inequities of the McKinnley legacy. Roosevelt dramatically changed the role of the government in the lives of the American people. All his successors applied some measure of FDR's logic to government. His coalition was made up of the south and northern cities.
36 years later - in 1968, Richard Nixon was elected. Nixon destroyed the FDR coalition by employing the "southern strategy." Which was to divide southerners based on cultural issues. Without the south, the Democrats could no longer win national elections unless they ran a southern themselves: Bill Clinton or Jimmy Carter. Nixon also brought in an era of anti-government and "strict constructionalist" policies. This era is also marked by the fall of communism and the rise of the United States as the worlds ONLY superpower.
36 years later - is 2004. The point is that every 36 years there is a sea change in American politics and a new coalition is built which keeps the respective party in power until the next sea change (36 years later).
The 72 year cycle works the same way, although proponents argue that every 72 years a GREAT President is elected that ultimatly saves the nation.
1788 - George Washington. Washington, won the Revolutionary War and ensured the US survived those first difficult days.
1860 - Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln, ended slavery, won the civil war, and made sure the union stayed together.
1932 - Franklin Roosevelt. Roosevelt, ended the Depression and won the Second World War. Protecting the US from the rise of Communism and Fascism.
2004 - ???.
Another thing. Is that before each of these Great Presidents (both in the 36-year and 72-year cycles) is elected. A bad President precedes him. That "bad" President (does not necessarily mean unpopular) is usually a carbon copy of the one who started the sea change to begin with but is met with failure.
In 1820, John Quincy Adams is elected (though loses the popular vote) and is the heir to the George Washington & John Adams Federalist legacy. He calls for reforms based on old principles. But still loses to Andrew Jackson in 1824.
In 1856, John Buchanan is elected. He campaigned based on Jacksonian Reforms and believed he could keep the union together by appeasing the south - remember Dredd Scott? He was a failure and wasn't even renominated in 1860.
In 1892, Grover Cleveland was elected for the second time in three elections (he lost the 1888 election) although he won 1892 barely. He ran as a "Lincoln Democrat" believing in the social reforms that Lincoln never got the chance to introduce. Recognizing the changing nature of the Republican Party, he wanted to build a coalition between old Democrats and Lincoln Republicans. But big buisness was too strong and he could not overcome the Republicans. Eventually time ran out for him.
In 1928, Herbert Hoover was elected as a total product of the McKinnley era Republicans. He believed in all the things that McKinnley Republicans believed in. But the Depression and his inept reaction did him in.
In 1964, Lyndon Johnson was elected. He was an FDR Democrat all the way. But the backlash in the south over civil rights and the war in Vietnam did him in.
In 2000, George W. Bush was elected (sort of). He is a total by-product of the Nixon-Reagan legacy. His father rose in politics during the Nixon years, was Reagan's vice President and later became President himself. George W. Bush took advantage of his position.
ALL - EVERY SINGLE ONE - of the Presidents elected the year before a "sea change" President served one term.
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