Research: Vaccine Ingredient Can Disrupt Immune System
Sci-Tech Today - March 21, 2006
In a study sure to fuel the controversy about the role of childhood vaccines in autism, scientists at UC Davis have found that a preservative used in some vaccines can disrupt the immune system, at least in mice.
Study authors caution the findings do not specifically link use of thimerosal, which contains mercury, to autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. "This is not a smoking gun," said Isaac Pessah, the University of California, Davis toxicologist who led the study for the university's MIND Institute and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
The results come seven years after the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics asked drug makers to remove thimerosal from childhood vaccines.
Except for trace amounts used in vaccine production, thimerosal is no longer used in childhood vaccines. The exception is the flu vaccine; although manufacturers are now producing a thimerosal-free version of the flu shot, the lion's share of vaccine supplies still contain the preservative. Concerns about the safety of the preservative grew after the Food and Drug Administration concluded that babies up to 6 months old were getting more mercury than considered acceptable by the Environmental Protection Agency. Several large-scale studies failed to established a link between mercury-containing vaccines and autism. Researchers now believe that autism is a disorder -- or group of disorders -- with many possible causes. A prevailing theory is that autism is caused by several genetic abnormalities, which may be the basis for a heightened susceptibility to certain chemical exposures.
He focused on a type of cell called a dendritic cell, which is responsible for marshalling the body's response to invaders such as bacteria, viruses or other antigens such as vaccine ingredients. "They take up those foreign substances and process them," he said. "Once they do that, they migrate to the lymph nodes to present their information to the other immune cells, which can activate a global immune response. " For his research,
Pessah used a mouse strain not particularly sensitive to mercury or other heavy metals, and introduced concentrations of thimerosal comparable to those attained in childhood vaccinations that contain the preservative.
"What we found was rather unexpected," he said. "In fact, the dendritic cells seemed to be extremely sensitive to the effects of thimerosal. "Specifically, the thimerosal disrupted the normal biological signals that take place in cells, Pessah said. At lower concentrations, the signal disruption caused an inflammatory response; at higher concentrations it caused cell death. "One could imagine that as concentrations of thimerosal vary in the organisms, you could get a plethora of unwanted or uncontrolled effects," Pessah said. Pessah, who directs the Children's Center for Environmental Health and Disease Prevention at UC Davis, hopes now to determine whether dendritic cells from children with autism are particularly sensitive to the effects of thimerosal, various forms of mercury and other environmental toxicants.
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