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For all of you tinfoil hatters on DU who seem to have forgotten:
George W. Bush is NOT a monarch with life-long power.
He is an elected servant of the people, subject to the Constitution and his powers are expressly limited by that document.
No Executive Order can override what is explicitly written into the Constitution.
The Constitution has a great deal of explicit instruction regarding the elections process so as to PREVENT an Executive from canceling elections and such an EO if issued would be grounds for impeachment for among other reasons that it is illegal, unconstitutional, constitutes a violation of separation of powers, a violation of the Presidential Oath of Office to "preserve protect and defend the Constitution", and is an abuse of power.
The Constitution GUARANTEES in WRITING that no matter what else happens, on JANUARY 20TH, 2009 at NOON - PRESIDENT BUSH BECOMES PRIVATE CITIZEN BUSH. ELECTION OR NO ELECTION, BUSH's TERM STILL ENDS.
At that point he has NO POWER TO TElL ANYONE TO DO ANYTHING.
The military and the people who work for the government dislike this guy as much as we do (probably more since they have to work with him) so they are NOT going to keep following his orders one nanosecond after the clock runs out!
To go into detail I have included the relevant portions of the Constitution and will highlight in bold the operative phrases that make MY POINT:
Article I Section 2 - The House
The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.
MY POINT: If the President cancels the elections he is preventing the House of Representatives from being elected on the biannual schedule required by the Constitition. If the Representatives terms should lapse without a replacement Congress then one branch of the government would effectively be dissolved by another. This is a violation of the separation of powers between Congress and the President and a Consittutional crisis justifying impeachment.
Article I Section 3 - The Senate
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, (chosen by the Legislature thereof,) (The preceding words in parentheses superseded by 17th Amendment, section 1.) for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.
MY POINT: Same problem but this time it's with the Senate. Again separation of powers breach.
Article I Section 4 - Elections, Meetings
The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Place of Chusing Senators.
MY POINT: To cancel the elections is to interfere both with the powers of the individual states in our Federal system and ALSO with Congress power to set the time, place, date, manner of elections.
The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall (be on the first Monday in December,) (The preceding words in parentheses were superseded by the 20th Amendment, section 2.) unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.
MY POINT: Congress is REQUIRED by the CONSTITUTION to meet at least once a year. If their terms were to lapse because no one replaces them because of a missing election then the Congress then the President would have forced Congress to violate its Consitutional duty - a Constitutional crisis and more violation of separation of powers.
Article II Section 1 - The President
The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows:
MY POINT: If the President cancels the election, it doesn't really matter - he STILL ceases to be the President at the end of his 4 year term. On January 20th, 2009, regardless of whether there is a successor elected, President Bush REVERTS to beng MR. Bush at noon.
Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.
MY POINT: AGAIN another violation of the rights of individual states. They have legal rights under the Constitution and could act under the Federal Courts to seek a remedy to FORCE the election to proceed.
The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.
MY POINT: CONGRESS decides the day of the election - NOT the President. This would be a direct usurpation of Congressional power delegated by the CONSTITUTION. It would a violation of separation of powers and an abuse of power and thus grounds for impeachment.
Section 2 - Civilian Power over Military, Cabinet, Pardon Power, Appointments
The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to Grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.
He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.
The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.
MY POINT: It's not what you see here - it's what you DO NOT see here.
This is the sum total of the President's legal authority under the Constitution - Article II Section 2 - NOWHERE in it is he given ANY authority to cancel, delay, or alter the elections or otherwise ignore, obliterate, alter, wave, mangle, spindle, fold, mutilate or violate the terms of the Constitution.
Therefore he has NO legal authority granted to him by the Constitution to suspend elections against the Constitution edict that they SHALL occur. (See Amendment 10 for more on enumerated and unenumerated powers)
Section 4 - Republican government
The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.
MY POINT: To cancel the elections would result in cancellation of state level elections as well and would violate the guarantee of republican (i.e. representative) government.
One might reasonably also argue that merely cancelling the Federal elections would deprive those states of a republican/representative government in that they would no longer be providing Congressmen and Senators to the Congress and therefore would be deprived of the representation they are required to have under the Constitution as states. Article. VI. - Debts, Supremacy, Oaths
All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.
This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.
MY POINT: The CONSTITUTION is the supreme law in our nation - NOT Executive Orders, in fact EO's have less power than statute because the Congress can pass a law to override an EO. Statutes in turn have less power than the Contitution. In short no EO can override the Constitution so Bush can make up any EO he likes but when it comes down to it, if it doesn't follow the Constitution, it isn't the law and is not enforceable or legal. In fact if it goes astray of the Constitution it could be grounds for impeachment.
The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.
Amendment 10 - Powers of the States and People. Ratified 12/15/1791. Note
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
MY POINT: We liberals have all heard this called the "states rights" amendment. What it really is is the LIMITED POWERS OF GOVERNMENT amendment - it so constructs the Constitution as to limit the powers to what are written down on paper in the Constitution so that the President (or Congress for that matter) doesn't simply get to make things up as they go.
All government power is derived from the consent of the governed and reserved unto it unless it is explicitly enumerated in the Constitution. There ARE NO unenumerated powers that the Executive Branch can simply pull out of thin air. They are either in Article II Section 2 or the don't exist.
The design of our government is such that it LIMITS the power and scope of the President's powers to those explicitly written down on paper and RESERVES the balance of power to the States and people from whom any powers were granted in the first place. We the People own power in this country, the President just gets to borrow certain powers as defined in Article II Section for a 4 year term of office.
If the President goes around wantonly making up powers that don't exist that TOO is grounds for impeachment as an abuse of power and a violation of the Constitution.
Amendment 12 - Choosing the President, Vice-President. Ratified 6/15/1804. The Electoral College
The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate;
MY POINT: It doesn't say "may" or "could" or "should" or "might" meet. It says SHALL. This is the imperative (command) form which means that it is REQUIRED that the Electoral College meets, NOT OPTIONAL. The President doesn't have any authority to interfere with the operation of the Electoral College because it is REQUIRED explicitly by the Constitution. If he does again we have a violation of the Constitution and an abuse of power and grounds for impeachment.
The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted;
MY POINT: Again we see "shall", not "may" or "should" or "might". Again this is a Constitutional REQUIREMENT upon the Congress to count the electoral college votes. If the President interferes either by preventing Congress' election so that they can count the votes or by preventing the EC from meeting we have a violation of separation of powers and an abuse of power - grounds for impeachment.
The person having the greatest Number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President.
MY POINT: If the Presidential election were not to take place and/or the EC did not meet then Congress would get to pick the President - remember George Bush is NOT the President after 1/20/09 no matter what else happens becaus his term has lapsed and he has no authority outside of his 4 year term. Supposing Congress were still somehow elected then they would pick President Obama.
Assuming however that NO elections were held then NO ONE could be president because Dick Cheney's term lapses WITH the President's and therefore he couldn't become President under this clause either. In short TWO branches of the Federal gov't would disappear leaving only the Judiciary and 2/3's of the Senators.
The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.
MY POINT:
The SENATE (or the 2/3's still in office) would then pick a Vice President who would act as President to replace President Bush since no Representative would exist who could pick the President in the House of Representatives. Again if there's no election -we'd be picking the Democrat folks. I guess that would make it President Biden?? Maybe they could still pick Obama as (Vice) President in this scenario?? No matter what though, Bush ain't President after 1/20/09.
Amendment 17 - Senators Elected by Popular Vote. Ratified 4/8/1913. History
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.
When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.
This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.
MY POINT: Again interference with the rights of the states and of the people and interfering with the operatin of the Senate. You can't cancel the elections because the terms of the Senators would lapse.
Amendment 20 - Presidential, Congressional Terms. Ratified 1/23/1933. History
1. The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.
MY POINT: It is is EXPLICIT. No matter what else happens the President stops being President on 1/20/09. If there is no replacement then the office is vacant. In any event, President Bush becomes Private Citizen Bush on that day at NOON. He has NO lawful authority to issue any orders or execute ANY powers delegated to the President under Article II Section 2 after that time and no military or civillian federal offical can take such an order from him after that point.
2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.
3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified.
4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.
MY POINT: This just reinforces the notion that in the absence of an election CONGRESS picks the President and Vice President. President Bush LOSES his authority and office on 1/20/09 and Congress (well the Senate) gets to pick the replacement.
5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article.
6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission.
Amendment 22 - Presidential Term Limits. Ratified 2/27/1951. History
1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President, when this Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.
MY POINT: Even assuming that there were no EC election or Presidential election by the voters, President Bush is ineligible to be elected by the CONGRESS to that role because the 22nd Amendment STILL prohibits that.
2. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress.
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