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The last few weeks have represented the final, dying collapse of the Bretton Woods economy established in the 1940s, which established the US Dollar as the world's reserve currency and with it gave the United States enormous leverage to influence world politics and economics. The aftershocks will continue for the next year or more, but this particular earthquake has been the equivalent of an 8.0 Richter quake on the world's economic systems.
I tend not to believe that economists shape economies - economies evolve from localized self-interest and the waxing and waning regulatory environment. All that economists do is to describe what has evolved. Marxism as described by Marx ultimately had as much similarity to Marxist Russia (or China) as a Kabuki Theatre production of a battle has to the battle itself, and if such a work wasn't already handy, no doubt Lenin (and Stalin) would have written something that justified the approaches that they took.
The seeds for a new "capitalism" are already in place - a reversion to localized production and localized (and hence tradable) currencies, the move towards a distributed work force (working increasingly over the Internet), the abolition of patents, royalties and dividends (and with it the considerable diminishment of the corporation), crowd-sourcing of innovation, knowledge, and even physical production, building toward sustainability rather than growth.
Walmart makes sense only in a world where oil is cheap, labor is cheap, and goods are cheap - and where distribution is frictionless. Distribution has now become very sticky, and the Walmarts and Targets of the world will suffer because of it. A lot of people are waking up to the realization that they will not have anywhere near as much money in their retirement accounts than they had expected, and that second mortgage (and third) mortgage has essentially eaten away their capital base at a time when they need it most. Spending will drop, and with it, a lot of the power of the corporations will also fade away.
Corporations will also face a much heavier regulatory regime, along with requirements (largely implemented through software standards) that will make them much more transparent. Many corporations cannot survive such transparency - though the ones that are able to do so will emerge as the dominant ones in the next stage of the economy.
The "full-time job" will also be a casualty in this economy. Already its something of a fiction - a surprisingly large number of jobs that are currently out there that are "full-time" are anything but - they involve perhaps 3-4 productive hours of work with the balance taken up by corporate tasks - things necessary for the continuance of the corporation, but not essential to the role of the person performing such tasks (make work, in essence). Yet our government is set up on the model that full-time employees are the norm and part-timers are contingent workers with far fewer benefits and protections. The economic breakdown will eliminate most of those full-timers, and the labor force will end up being almost entirely (95%) contingency.
My suspicion is that this will end up creating the 21st century version of the union - the workforce cooperative ... think of them as employee owned employment agencies. You pay into it as part of your payroll when you are working, and when you're not, you still get back a somewhat steady base income). The cooperative also pays for benefits, acts as a clearing house for potential jobs and can manage the pesky task of handling taxes and other paperwork. There will be abuses, of course - no structure that handles money on behalf of people is immune to abuses - but their primary purpose is to smooth out irregularities in income that a part time labor force entails.
I also ultimately see the disintegration of the United States as a single country in the long term - perhaps within my lifetime. The power of the United States comes from its control of monetary policy, and from its federated nature. However, the trends increasingly point towards decentralization, with power increasingly being held by regional economic blocs (at a level just above states, and not necessarily contiguous with them). As currency becomes localized (potentially through regional vouchers, corporate script, coalition-based "hour money" and virtual currencies that nonetheless have the potential for real-exchange) the ability of the government in Washington to impose its authority diminishes.
Meanwhile, regionalist movements on both the left and the right will add stresses to the country. My suspicion is that if the southeastern states in particular (the Deep South) is forced out of power for too long, the secessionist tendencies there will be the strongest in that region, and they will be the first to go. Once that happens, the rest of the country will split up into perhaps 5-6 regional blocs, though likely only at a point where their economy is internally integrated well enough for it to happen.
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