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implied by the Constitution.
From the opinion syllabus in the Safford Unified School District case:
Savana’s actions in their presence necessarily exposed her breasts and pelvic area to some degree, and both subjective and reasonable societal expectations of personal privacy support the treatment of such a search as categorically distinct, requiring distinct elements of justification on the part of school authorities for going beyond a search of outer clothing and belongings. Savana’s subjective expectation of privacy is inherent in her account of it as embarrassing, frightening, and humiliating. The reasonableness of her expectation is indicated by the common reaction of other young people similarly searched, whose adolescent vulnerability intensifies the exposure’s patent intrusiveness. Its indignity does not outlaw the search, but it does implicate the rule that “the search ‘reasonably related in scope to the circumstances which justified the interference in the first place.’ ”
The search was ruled unreasonable, and thus a violation of the Fourth Amendment, because her privacy had been violated without compelling reason. The eight justices confirmed by written opinion, without explicitly stating so, that a penumbra of privacy is basic to the rights of American citizens, and that the Fourth Amendment is there to protect it. There can be no such thing as an "unreasonable" search UNLESS there is an understanding that people are entitled to privacy where a compelling reason to override it does not exist.
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