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RSherman

(576 posts)
Thu Mar 28, 2024, 05:04 PM Mar 28

"Official Secrets"/Bush 1 & 2 and Blair should have been jailed for war crimes

Last edited Thu Mar 28, 2024, 08:45 PM - Edit history (1)

“All warfare is based on deception.” Sun Tzu, The Art of War

Recently, the movie “Official Secrets” popped up on the Youtube channel. It tells the story of Katharine Gun who was a British linguist who worked as a translator for the GCHQ. She leaked an email which requested aid in a secret operation to bug the UN offices of six nations: Angola, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Chile, Guinea, and Pakistan. These were the six "swing nations" on the UN Security Council that could determine whether the UN approved the invasion of Iraq. The government charged her with an offense. Many people stepped forward to urge the government to drop the case, among them Daniel Ellsberg (the US government official who leaked the Pentagon Papers). The case came to court in February 2004. Within half an hour, the case was dropped because the prosecution declined to offer evidence. In May 2019 The Guardian stated the case was dropped "when the prosecution realized that evidence would emerge ... that even British government lawyers believed the invasion was unlawful." The British government further tried to lean on Gun by trying to deport her husband. (Much like the Bush administration outing CIA undercover agent Valerie Plame because her husband was broadcasting the truth).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Secrets_(film)#:~:text=To%20exert%20pressure%2C%20the%20British,certificate%2C%20proving%20the%20relationship's%20authenticity.

Tony Blair: From the start of the War on Terror, Blair strongly supported the foreign policy of George W. Bush, participating in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The invasion of Iraq was controversial, as it attracted widespread public opposition and 139 of Blair's own MPs opposed it. As a result, he faced criticism over the policy itself and the circumstances of the decision. Playwright Harold Pinter and former Malaysian prime minister accused Blair of war crimes. In an October 2015 CNN interview, Blair apologized for his "mistakes" over the Iraq War. The Chilcot Inquiry gave a damning assessment of Blair's role in the Iraq War.

Bush 1 pushed the US into the first Gulf War using similar lies and propaganda. First, Bush claimed: Within three days, 120,000 Iraqi troops with 850 tanks had poured into Kuwait and moved south to threaten Saudi Arabia. It was then that I decided to act to check that aggression.” The Pentagon stated that satellite photos showing a buildup of Iraqi forces along the border were the source of this information, but this was later alleged to be false. A reporter for the St. Petersburg Times acquired two commercial Soviet satellite images made at the time, which showed nothing but empty desert.

Next, Hill & Knowlton, an American PR firm, arranged for an appearance before a group of members of Congress in which a young woman identifying herself as a nurse working in the Kuwait City hospital described Iraqi soldiers pulling babies out of incubators and letting them die on the floor. The story helped tip both the public and Congress towards a war with Iraq: six Congressmen said the testimony was enough for them to support military action against Iraq and seven Senators referenced the testimony in debate. The Senate supported the military actions in a 52–47 vote. However, a year after the war, this allegation was revealed to be a fabrication. The young woman who had testified was found to be a member of Kuwait's royal family and the daughter of Kuwait's ambassador to the US. She hadn't lived in Kuwait during the Iraqi invasion. After finding no evidence to support the fake testimony, President Bush repeated the incubator allegations on television, over and over.

GE, which profited from the Gulf War, owned NBC and provided more propaganda. The government of Kuwait was a major GE shareholder.

Bush 2 pushed the US into Iraq a second time, again, based on lies about weapons of mass destruction. His administration outed undercover CIA agent Valerie Plame. Her identity as a covert CIA operations officer was leaked by officials in the Bush White House to undermine the credibility of her then-husband, former U.S. Ambassador Joe Wilson, after he criticized the administration's decision to invade Iraq. “I have little choice but to conclude that some of the intelligence related to Iraq's nuclear weapons program was twisted to exaggerate the Iraqi threat," he wrote in a NYT op-ed after he was sent to Niger by CIA officials on a mission to investigate the country's sale of uranium to Iraq. Eight days after Wilson published his op-ed, columnist Robert Novak identified Plame as an "agency operative on weapons of mass destruction," and cited two senior administration officials in his piece "Mission to Niger.” The revelation culminated in the conviction of Lewis "Scooter" Libby, former Vice President Dick Cheney's former chief of staff. He was sentenced to 30 months in prison in 2007 for lying to the FBI and obstructing justice in the investigation into the leak of Plame's identity. Libby's sentence was commuted by Bush and he was pardoned by Trump.

So, Bush 1, Bush 2, and Tony Blair lied, ruined the lives of their own citizens who opposed the war and exposed the lies, and are responsible for the deaths of members of their militaries and of Iraqi citizens. And, none were held accountable. Terrible.
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"Official Secrets"/Bush 1 & 2 and Blair should have been jailed for war crimes (Original Post) RSherman Mar 28 OP
K&R Think. Again. Mar 28 #1
Well, this is a start. Baitball Blogger Mar 28 #2
Works for me. raccoon Mar 28 #3
Been saying this for years malaise Mar 28 #4
I've said it a thousand times, but it will NEVER, EVER happen. Ferrets are Cool Mar 28 #5
Absolutely Cheney! RSherman Mar 28 #7
It's not too late. There is no statute of limitations for war crimes. totodeinhere Mar 28 #6
I seethe every time I see Dim Son treated with honor Martin Eden Mar 28 #8
Don't get me started... returnee Mar 29 #27
Bookmarking-Bush, Blair war crimes n/t Upthevibe Mar 28 #9
DURec leftstreet Mar 28 #10
This reminds me of the Octafish threads. Know your BFEE! DJ Porkchop Mar 28 #11
We also gave Saddam the chemical weapons that he used.... Xolodno Mar 28 #12
Exclusive: CIA Files Prove America Helped Saddam as He Gassed Iran Celerity Mar 29 #18
St Petersburg times and Mountainguy Mar 28 #13
St. Petersburg Times - St. Petersburg, Fla. Celerity Mar 29 #20
And soviet images Mountainguy Mar 29 #21
And? That doesn't somehow clear war criminals BushCo and/or Blair. I just posted it Celerity Mar 29 #22
Did Iraq invade Kuwait? Mountainguy Mar 29 #23
KNR Faux pas Mar 28 #14
Leading Democrats were never going to push for that Kaleva Mar 29 #15
It's a huge leap to say that taking part in the UN-sanctioned Gulf War 1 is a "war crime" muriel_volestrangler Mar 29 #16
"Photos Don't Show Buildup" RSherman Mar 29 #17
Yeah, that's the kind of red herring that looks ridiculous muriel_volestrangler Mar 29 #19
When a country finds it necessary to hire PR firms to "sell" war RSherman Mar 29 #28
"Problems" aren't "war crimes". muriel_volestrangler Mar 29 #31
Not American media RSherman Mar 29 #32
Yes; this was aimed at Americans muriel_volestrangler Mar 29 #33
You can dissect my wording of "problems" RSherman Mar 29 #34
"Money trumps peace." -- Pretzeldent George W Bush, 14 February, 2007 Kid Berwyn Mar 29 #24
Agree republianmushroom Mar 29 #25
Thankfully our PM in Canada did not follow the US into Iraq. He took some heat for that but it was Bev54 Mar 29 #26
Hope they rot in hell RANDYWILDMAN Mar 29 #29
I included these quotes as part of a reply to a poster, but want them to stand out: RSherman Mar 29 #30

Baitball Blogger

(46,714 posts)
2. Well, this is a start.
Thu Mar 28, 2024, 05:33 PM
Mar 28

It would be nice to believe that the truth will become conventional wisdom before my generation starts falling off the mortal cliff.

RSherman

(576 posts)
7. Absolutely Cheney!
Thu Mar 28, 2024, 05:54 PM
Mar 28

He got us into the Gulf War with Bush 1.

Then he saw how profitable it was and became CEO of Halliburton.

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2004/4/28/iraq-war-boosts-halliburton-profits

He then got us into Iraq again with Bush 2.

One immediate action he took was to replace a portion of Army personnel with privatized soldiers from defense contractors. That's one of the reasons we were able to stay in Iraq and Afghanistan for 20 years. Only one percent of Americans are active military. Of those, about 80 percent will never see combat--they are office personnel, photographers, librarians, mechanics, etc. Since fewer and fewer families are directly affected by war, the government can basically keep it going almost in secret.

totodeinhere

(13,058 posts)
6. It's not too late. There is no statute of limitations for war crimes.
Thu Mar 28, 2024, 05:47 PM
Mar 28

W. and Blair are still very much alive and could still be tried and if found guilty jailed. I know it won't happen but it should.

Xolodno

(6,395 posts)
12. We also gave Saddam the chemical weapons that he used....
Thu Mar 28, 2024, 10:47 PM
Mar 28

...on Iran and his own people. There are plenty of photos of Rumsfield and Saddam meeting in Baghdad during the Iraq/Iran war. Saddam in the end couldn't deliver Iran.

We knew what WMD's he had and knew they were already used up or no longer usable.

Celerity

(43,383 posts)
18. Exclusive: CIA Files Prove America Helped Saddam as He Gassed Iran
Fri Mar 29, 2024, 07:16 AM
Mar 29
The U.S. knew Hussein was launching some of the worst chemical attacks in history -- and still gave him a hand.

https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/08/26/exclusive-cia-files-prove-america-helped-saddam-as-he-gassed-iran/

AUGUST 26, 2013, 2:40 AM

The U.S. government may be considering military action in response to chemical strikes near Damascus. But a generation ago, America’s military and intelligence communities knew about and did nothing to stop a series of nerve gas attacks far more devastating than anything Syria has seen, Foreign Policy has learned. In 1988, during the waning days of Iraq’s war with Iran, the United States learned through satellite imagery that Iran was about to gain a major strategic advantage by exploiting a hole in Iraqi defenses. U.S. intelligence officials conveyed the location of the Iranian troops to Iraq, fully aware that Hussein’s military would attack with chemical weapons, including sarin, a lethal nerve agent.

The intelligence included imagery and maps about Iranian troop movements, as well as the locations of Iranian logistics facilities and details about Iranian air defenses. The Iraqis used mustard gas and sarin prior to four major offensives in early 1988 that relied on U.S. satellite imagery, maps, and other intelligence. These attacks helped to tilt the war in Iraq’s favor and bring Iran to the negotiating table, and they ensured that the Reagan administration’s long-standing policy of securing an Iraqi victory would succeed. But they were also the last in a series of chemical strikes stretching back several years that the Reagan administration knew about and didn’t disclose.

U.S. officials have long denied acquiescing to Iraqi chemical attacks, insisting that Hussein’s government never announced he was going to use the weapons. But retired Air Force Col. Rick Francona, who was a military attaché in Baghdad during the 1988 strikes, paints a different picture. “The Iraqis never told us that they intended to use nerve gas. They didn’t have to. We already knew,” he told Foreign Policy. According to recently declassified CIA documents and interviews with former intelligence officials like Francona, the U.S. had firm evidence of Iraqi chemical attacks beginning in 1983. At the time, Iran was publicly alleging that illegal chemical attacks were carried out on its forces, and was building a case to present to the United Nations. But it lacked the evidence implicating Iraq, much of which was contained in top secret reports and memoranda sent to the most senior intelligence officials in the U.S. government. The CIA declined to comment for this story.

In contrast to today’s wrenching debate over whether the United States should intervene to stop alleged chemical weapons attacks by the Syrian government, the United States applied a cold calculus three decades ago to Hussein’s widespread use of chemical weapons against his enemies and his own people. The Reagan administration decided that it was better to let the attacks continue if they might turn the tide of the war. And even if they were discovered, the CIA wagered that international outrage and condemnation would be muted. In the documents, the CIA said that Iran might not discover persuasive evidence of the weapons’ use — even though the agency possessed it. Also, the agency noted that the Soviet Union had previously used chemical agents in Afghanistan and suffered few repercussions.

snip



U.S. Had Key Role in Iraq Buildup

Trade in Chemical Arms Allowed Despite Their Use on Iranians, Kurds

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2002/12/30/us-had-key-role-in-iraq-buildup/133cec74-3816-4652-9bd8-7d118699d6f8/

December 30, 2002 at 12:00 a.m. EST

High on the Bush administration's list of justifications for war against Iraq are President Saddam Hussein's use of chemical weapons, nuclear and biological programs, and his contacts with international terrorists. What U.S. officials rarely acknowledge is that these offenses date back to a period when Hussein was seen in Washington as a valued ally. Among the people instrumental in tilting U.S. policy toward Baghdad during the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq war was Donald H. Rumsfeld, now defense secretary, whose December 1983 meeting with Hussein as a special presidential envoy paved the way for normalization of U.S.-Iraqi relations. Declassified documents show that Rumsfeld traveled to Baghdad at a time when Iraq was using chemical weapons on an "almost daily" basis in defiance of international conventions.

The story of U.S. involvement with Saddam Hussein in the years before his 1990 attack on Kuwait -- which included large-scale intelligence sharing, supply of cluster bombs through a Chilean front company, and facilitating Iraq's acquisition of chemical and biological precursors -- is a topical example of the underside of U.S. foreign policy. It is a world in which deals can be struck with dictators, human rights violations sometimes overlooked, and accommodations made with arms proliferators, all on the principle that the "enemy of my enemy is my friend."

Throughout the 1980s, Hussein's Iraq was the sworn enemy of Iran, then still in the throes of an Islamic revolution. U.S. officials saw Baghdad as a bulwark against militant Shiite extremism and the fall of pro-American states such as Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and even Jordan -- a Middle East version of the "domino theory" in Southeast Asia. That was enough to turn Hussein into a strategic partner and for U.S. diplomats in Baghdad to routinely refer to Iraqi forces as "the good guys," in contrast to the Iranians, who were depicted as "the bad guys."

A review of thousands of declassified government documents and interviews with former policymakers shows that U.S. intelligence and logistical support played a crucial role in shoring up Iraqi defenses against the "human wave" attacks by suicidal Iranian troops. The administrations of Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush authorized the sale to Iraq of numerous items that had both military and civilian applications, including poisonous chemicals and deadly biological viruses, such as anthrax and bubonic plague.

snip

Celerity

(43,383 posts)
20. St. Petersburg Times - St. Petersburg, Fla.
Fri Mar 29, 2024, 07:33 AM
Mar 29


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Times

The Tampa Bay Times, called the St. Petersburg Times until 2011, is an American newspaper published in St. Petersburg, Florida, United States. It is published by the Times Publishing Company, which is owned by The Poynter Institute for Media Studies, a nonprofit journalism school directly adjacent to the University of South Florida St. Petersburg campus.

It has won fourteen Pulitzer Prizes since 1964, and in 2009, won two in a single year for the first time in its history, one of which was for its PolitiFact project.

The newspaper traces its origins to the West Hillsborough Times, a weekly newspaper established in Dunedin, Florida, on the Pinellas Peninsula in 1884. At the time, neither St. Petersburg nor Pinellas County existed; the peninsula was part of Hillsborough County. The paper was published weekly in the back of a pharmacy and had a circulation of 480. It subsequently changed ownership six times in seventeen years. In December 1884, it was bought by A. C. Turner, who moved it to Clear Water Harbor (modern Clearwater, Florida). In 1892, it moved to St. Petersburg, and by 1898 it was officially renamed the St. Petersburg Times.


PolitiFact

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolitiFact

PolitiFact.com is an American nonprofit project operated by the Poynter Institute in St. Petersburg, Florida, with offices there and in Washington, D.C. It began in 2007 as a project of the Tampa Bay Times (then the St. Petersburg Times), with reporters and editors from the newspaper and its affiliated news media partners reporting on the accuracy of statements made by elected officials, candidates, their staffs, lobbyists, interest groups and others involved in U.S. politics. Its journalists select original statements to evaluate and then publish their findings on the PolitiFact.com website, where each statement receives a "Truth-O-Meter" rating. The ratings range from "True" for statements the journalists deem as accurate to "Pants on Fire" (from the taunt "Liar, liar, pants on fire" ) for claims the journalists deem as "not accurate and makes a ridiculous claim".

PunditFact, a related site that was also created by the Times' editors, is devoted to fact-checking claims made by political pundits. Both PolitiFact and PunditFact were funded primarily by the Tampa Bay Times and ad revenues generated on the website until 2018, and the Times continues to sell ads for the site now that it is part of Poynter Institute for Media Studies, a non-profit organization that also owns the newspaper. PolitiFact increasingly relies on grants from several nonpartisan organizations, and in 2017 launched a membership campaign and began accepting donations from readers.

snip

Celerity

(43,383 posts)
22. And? That doesn't somehow clear war criminals BushCo and/or Blair. I just posted it
Fri Mar 29, 2024, 09:32 AM
Mar 29

to clear up other readers' potentially thinking that it was a Russian newspaper.

Now, back to business:


Tony Blair should face war crimes tribunal over Iraq war, says Hans Blix

https://uk.news.yahoo.com/tony-blair-should-face-war-crimes-tribunal-over-iraq-war-says-hans-blix-141708751.html

This week marks the 20th anniversary since the beginning of the Iraq War - one of the most controversial conflicts in modern times. On 20 March 2003, the US launched its first airstrikes on the Gulf state - lighting up the skies above Baghdad with an ultra-aggressive "shock and awe" strategy.

Soon after a coalition of American, British, Australian and Polish soldiers marched over the border from Kuwait to execute “Operation Iraqi Freedom”. The US-led coalition invaded largely on the premise of alleged weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) held by Saddam Hussein’s regime, but none were found.

Revelations of faulty intelligence, and in some cases sheer dishonesty, used to justify the eight-year conflict, left many in the West very angry that their countries had been dragged into a war on dubious grounds. Of all the key actors involved in the invasion, one that often generates the most intense reaction is Tony Blair, the prime minister who backed US president George Bush and has since faced criticism and vitriol from many quarters.

Now, the former weapons inspector who was tasked with investigating Iraq's alleged possession of WMDs for the United Nations has spoken out against the former PM. Speaking on MSNBC ahead of the anniversary, Hans Blix said that, "in principle", Blair and Bush should have faced consequences for their invasion - which is now widely regarded as illegal under international law.

snip

Kaleva

(36,301 posts)
15. Leading Democrats were never going to push for that
Fri Mar 29, 2024, 01:21 AM
Mar 29

Obama, Biden, Pelosi, Hillary, Kerry, Reid and so on.

For those Dems who thought that our leaders not pursuing prosecuting the Bushes, Cheney and Blair was a deal breaker, they left the Party long ago.

muriel_volestrangler

(101,318 posts)
16. It's a huge leap to say that taking part in the UN-sanctioned Gulf War 1 is a "war crime"
Fri Mar 29, 2024, 06:34 AM
Mar 29

You appear to be saying that giving a disputed figure or disposition of Iraqi forces is a "war crime". It's not disputed that Iraq invaded Kuwait.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 678, adopted on 29 November 1990, after reaffirming resolutions 660, 661, 662, 664, 665, 666, 667, 669, 670, 674 and 677 (all 1990), the council noted that despite all the United Nations efforts, Iraq continued to defy the Security Council.

The United Nations Security Council, invoking Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, offered Iraq one final chance to implement Resolution 660 (1990) which demanded that Iraq withdraw its forces unconditionally from Kuwait to the positions in which they were located on 1 August 1990, the day before the invasion of Kuwait began.

On 29 November 1990, the Security Council passed Resolution 678 under the guidance of Canada, the USSR, United Kingdom and the United States,[1] which gave Iraq until 15 January 1991 to withdraw from Kuwait and empowered states to use "all necessary means" to force Iraq out of Kuwait after the deadline. The Resolution requested Member States to keep the council informed on their decisions. This was the legal authorization for the Gulf War, as Iraq did not withdraw by the deadline.[2]

Cuba's position was nuanced as it had voted for or abstained on previous resolutions relating to the Iraqi invasion, but did not support Resolution 678 because of its authorization of "all necessary means."[3]

Resolution 678 was adopted by 12 votes with two opposing (Cuba and Yemen) and one abstention from the People's Republic of China. The authority granted to Member States in this case contrasts with the disputed legality of U.S. actions in the invasion of Iraq of 2003.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_678

If you're trying to make a case, I'd leave the first Gulf War out of it, if I were you. It looks faintly ridiculous. Even Syria supported it.

muriel_volestrangler

(101,318 posts)
19. Yeah, that's the kind of red herring that looks ridiculous
Fri Mar 29, 2024, 07:30 AM
Mar 29

A complaint that the problem was the dispute over the number of Iraqi tanks close to Saudi Arabia, not that Iraq had invaded Kuwait. That's not about "war crimes".

RSherman

(576 posts)
28. When a country finds it necessary to hire PR firms to "sell" war
Fri Mar 29, 2024, 05:11 PM
Mar 29

to Congress and the American people, I would say that is a problem:

On August 2, 1990, Iraqi troops led by dictator Saddam Hussein invaded the oil-producing nation of Kuwait. Like Noriega in Panama, Hussein had been a US ally for nearly a decade. From 1980 to 1988, he had killed about 150,000 Iranians, in addition to at least 13,000 of his own citizens. Despite complaints from international human rights groups, however, the Reagan and Bush administrations had treated Hussein as a valuable ally in the US confrontation with Iran. The invasion of Kuwait crossed a line that the Bush Administration could not tolerate. This time, oil was at stake.

The American public was notoriously reluctant to send its young into foreign battles on behalf of any cause. Selling war in the Middle East to the American people would not be easy. Bush would need to convince Americans that former ally Saddam Hussein now embodied evil, and that the oil fiefdom of Kuwait was a struggling young democracy. How could the Bush Administration build US support for "liberating" a country so fundamentally opposed to democratic values? How could the war appear noble and necessary rather than a crass grab to save cheap oil? "If and when a shooting war starts, reporters will begin to wonder why American soldiers are dying for oil-rich sheiks," warned Hal Steward, a retired army PR official. "The US military had better get cracking to come up with a public relations plan that will supply the answers the public can accept."

It is estimated that the government of Kuwait funded as many as 20 PR, law and lobby firms in its campaign to mobilize US opinion and force against Hussein.Participating firms included the Rendon Group, which received a retainer of $100,000 per month for media work, and Neill & Co., which received $50,000 per month for lobbying Congress. Sam Zakhem, a former US ambassador to the oil-rich gulf state of Bahrain, funneled $7.7 million in advertising and lobbying dollars through two front groups, the "Coalition for Americans at Risk" and the "Freedom Task Force." The Coalition, which began in the 1980s as a front for the contras in Nicaragua, prepared and placed TV and newspaper ads, and kept a stable of fifty speakers available for pro-war rallies and publicity events.

Hill & Knowlton, then the world's largest PR firm, served as mastermind for the Kuwaiti campaign. Its activities alone would have constituted the largest foreign-funded campaign ever aimed at manipulating American public opinion. By law, the Foreign Agents Registration Act should have exposed this propaganda campaign to the American people, but the Justice Department chose not to enforce it. Nine days after Saddam's army marched into Kuwait, the Emir's government agreed to fund a contract under which Hill & Knowlton would represent "Citizens for a Free Kuwait," a classic PR front group designed to hide the real role of the Kuwaiti government and its collusion with the Bush administration. Over the next six months, the Kuwaiti government channeled $11.9 million dollars to Citizens for a Free Kuwait, whose only other funding totalled $17,861 from 78 individuals. Virtually all of CFK's budget -- $10.8 million -- went to Hill & Knowlton in the form of fees.

The man running Hill & Knowlton's Washington office was Craig Fuller, one of Bush's closest friends and inside political advisors. The news media never bothered to examine Fuller's role until after the war had ended, but if America's editors had read the PR trade press, they might have noticed this announcement, published in O'Dwyer's PR Services before the fighting began: "Craig L. Fuller, chief of staff to Bush when he was vice-president, has been on the Kuwaiti account at Hill & Knowlton since the first day. He and [Bob] Dilenschneider at one point made a trip to Saudi Arabia, observing the production of some 20 videotapes, among other chores. The Wirthlin Group, research arm of H&K, was the pollster for the Reagan Administration. ... Wirthlin has reported receiving $1.1 million in fees for research assignments for the Kuwaitis. Robert K. Gray, Chairman of H&K/USA based in Washington, DC had leading roles in both Reagan campaigns. He has been involved in foreign nation accounts for many years. ... Lauri J. Fitz-Pegado, account supervisor on the Kuwait account, is a former Foreign Service Officer at the US Information Agency who joined Gray when he set up his firm in 1982."

H&K employed a stunning variety of opinion-forming devices and techniques to help keep US opinion on the side of the Kuwaitis. ... The techniques ranged from full-scale press conferences showing torture and other abuses by the Iraqis to the distribution of tens of thousands of 'Free Kuwait' T-shirts and bumper stickers at college campuses across the US."

Documents filed with the US Department of Justice showed that 119 H&K executives in 12 offices across the US were overseeing the Kuwait account. "The firm's activities, as listed in its report to the Justice Department, included arranging media interviews for visiting Kuwaitis, setting up observances such as National Free Kuwait Day, National Prayer Day (for Kuwait), and National Student Information Day, organizing public rallies, releasing hostage letters to the media, distributing news releases and information kits, contacting politicians at all levels, and producing a nightly radio show in Arabic from Saudi Arabia," wrote Arthur Rowse in the Progressive after the war. Citizens for a Free Kuwait also capitalized on the publication of a quickie 154-page book about Iraqi atrocities titled The Rape of Kuwait, copies of which were stuffed into media kits and then featured on TV talk shows and the Wall Street Journal. The Kuwaiti embassy also bought 200,000 copies of the book for distribution to American troops.

Throughout the campaign, the Wirthlin Group conducted daily opinion polls to help Hill & Knowlton take the emotional pulse of key constituencies so it could identify the themes and slogans that would be most effective in promoting support for US military action. After the war ended, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation produced an Emmy award-winning TV documentary on the PR campaign titled "To Sell a War." The show featured an interview with Wirthlin executive Dee Alsop in which Alsop bragged of his work and demonstrated how audience surveys were even used to physically adapt the clothing and hairstyle of the Kuwait ambassador so he would seem more likable to TV audiences. Wirthlin's job, Alsop explained, was "to identify the messages that really resonate emotionally with the American people." The theme that struck the deepest emotional chord, they discovered, was "the fact that Saddam Hussein was a madman who had committed atrocities even against his own people, and had tremendous power to do further damage, and he needed to be stopped."

In the case of the Gulf War, the "hook" was invented by Hill & Knowlton. In style, substance and mode of delivery, it bore an uncanny resemblance to England's World War I hearings that accused German soldiers of killing babies.

MacArthur also noticed another telling detail about the October 1990 hearings: "The Human Rights Caucus is not a committee of congress, and therefore it is unencumbered by the legal accouterments that would make a witness hesitate before he or she lied. ... Lying under oath in front of a congressional committee is a crime; lying from under the cover of anonymity to a caucus is merely public relations."

In fact, the most emotionally moving testimony on October 10 came from a 15-year-old Kuwaiti girl, known only by her first name of Nayirah. According to the Caucus, Nayirah's full name was being kept confidential to prevent Iraqi reprisals against her family in occupied Kuwait. Sobbing, she described what she had seen with her own eyes in a hospital in Kuwait City. Her written testimony was passed out in a media kit prepared by Citizens for a Free Kuwait. "I volunteered at the al-Addan hospital," Nayirah said. "While I was there, I saw the Iraqi soldiers come into the hospital with guns, and go into the room where ... babies were in incubators. They took the babies out of the incubators, took the incubators, and left the babies on the cold floor to die."Three months passed between Nayirah's testimony and the start of the war. During those months, the story of babies torn from their incubators was repeated over and over again. President Bush told the story. It was recited as fact in Congressional testimony, on TV and radio talk shows, and at the UN Security Council. "Of all the accusations made against the dictator," MacArthur observed, "none had more impact on American public opinion than the one about Iraqi soldiers removing 312 babies from their incubators and leaving them to die on the cold hospital floors of Kuwait City."
At the Human Rights Caucus, however, Hill & Knowlton failed to reveal that Nayirah was a member of the Kuwaiti Royal Family. Her father, in fact, was Saud Nasir al-Sabah, Kuwait's Ambassador to the US, who sat listening in the hearing room during her testimony. The Caucus also failed to reveal that H&K vice-president Lauri Fitz-Pegado had coached Nayirah in what even the Kuwaitis' own investigators later confirmed was false testimony.
If Nayirah's outrageous lie had been exposed at the time it was told, it might have at least caused some in Congress and the news media to soberly reevaluate the extent to which they were being skillfully manipulated to support military action. Public opinion was deeply divided on Bush's Gulf policy. As late as December 1990, a New York Times/CBS News poll indicated that 48 percent of the American people wanted Bush to wait before taking any action if Iraq failed to withdraw from Kuwait by Bush's January 15 deadline. On January 12, the US Senate voted by a narrow, five-vote margin to support the Bush administration in a declaration of war. Given the narrowness of the vote, the babies-thrown-from-incubators story may have turned the tide in Bush's favor.

Following the war, human rights investigators attempted to confirm Nayirah's story and could find no witnesses or other evidence to support it. Amnesty International, which had fallen for the story, was forced to issue an embarrassing retraction. Nayirah herself was unavailable for comment. "This is the first allegation I've had that she was the ambassador's daughter," said Human Rights Caucus co-chair John Porter. "Yes, I think people ... were entitled to know the source of her testimony." When journalists for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation asked Nasir al-Sabah for permission to question Nayirah about her story, the ambassador angrily refused.

https://www.prwatch.org/node/25/print

In conclusion, Ben Franklin cautioned of religion “When a religion is good, I conceive that it will support itself; and when it cannot support itself….it is a sign, I apprehend, of its being a bad one.”

I will substitute the word “war”:

“When a war is good (justifiable?), I conceive that it will support itself; and when it cannot support itself, so that its professors are obliged to call for the help of a PR firm, it is a sign, I apprehend, of its being a bad one.”

Or, Thomas Jefferson “it is error alone which needs the support of government. Truth can stand by itself.”

Making Jefferson’s quote applicable to the first Gulf War:

“it is error alone which needs the support of PR firms. Truth can stand by itself.”

Americans were deceived; lives were lost. Period.

Suggested reading: Second Front: Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War by John R. MacArthur

muriel_volestrangler

(101,318 posts)
31. "Problems" aren't "war crimes".
Fri Mar 29, 2024, 06:19 PM
Mar 29

The rest of the world supported the coalition without ever hearing the "incubators" story. It's just a reflection on American media that they thought they needed something like that to get people to think about foreign policy.

RSherman

(576 posts)
32. Not American media
Fri Mar 29, 2024, 06:23 PM
Mar 29

Why do you keep bypassing the fact that PR firms were paid to lie in order to get support for the war?

muriel_volestrangler

(101,318 posts)
33. Yes; this was aimed at Americans
Fri Mar 29, 2024, 06:29 PM
Mar 29

No one else heard about it. It's not a war crime to lie to the American public.

Are you actually clear on what a war crime is? Do you just use the term for "something to do with a war that my government shouldn't have done"?

RSherman

(576 posts)
34. You can dissect my wording of "problems"
Fri Mar 29, 2024, 06:29 PM
Mar 29

or whatever else.

Read "Second Front" by John R. MacArthur.

If this was such a justified war, tons of money should not have been paid to PR firms to get people to support it. (If the whole world was supposedly on board).

Bev54

(10,052 posts)
26. Thankfully our PM in Canada did not follow the US into Iraq. He took some heat for that but it was
Fri Mar 29, 2024, 01:32 PM
Mar 29

the right decision.

RANDYWILDMAN

(2,672 posts)
29. Hope they rot in hell
Fri Mar 29, 2024, 05:16 PM
Mar 29

if there is one.

Hope the whole Bush clan is there and they can hang with TFG and his brood.

RSherman

(576 posts)
30. I included these quotes as part of a reply to a poster, but want them to stand out:
Fri Mar 29, 2024, 05:39 PM
Mar 29

Ben Franklin cautioned of religion “When a religion is good, I conceive that it will support itself; and when it cannot support itself….it is a sign, I apprehend, of its being a bad one.”

I will substitute the word “war”:

“When a war is good (justifiable?), I conceive that it will support itself; and when it cannot support itself, so that its professors are obliged to call for the help of a PR firm, it is a sign, I apprehend, of its being a bad one.”

Or, Thomas Jefferson “it is error alone which needs the support of government. Truth can stand by itself.”

Making Jefferson’s quote applicable to the first Gulf War:

“it is error alone which needs the support of PR firms. Truth can stand by itself.”

Americans were deceived; lives were lost. Period.

Suggested reading: Second Front: Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War by John R. MacArthur

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