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Related: Editorials & Other Articles, Issue Forums, Alliance Forums, Region ForumsSupersonic silent biplane COMING SOON ...ish
Researchers from MIT and Stanford have shown via computer modelling that a modified biplane can produce significantly less drag than a single-wing craft, improving the fuel efficiency and quietening that sonic boom. However Qiqi Wang, his MIT colleague Rui Hu and Antony Jameson of Stanford University admit that it's not the first time someone has suggested biplanes could sort out the sonic problems.
Back in the 1950s, German engineer Adolf Busemann was the first to come up with a biplane design that thwarts shockwaves at supersonic speeds. The problem with a regular single-wing aeroplane is that as the jet nears the speed of sound, air compresses in front of and behind it, and when the plane goes past Mach 1, the sudden increase in air pressure sends two shockwaves radiating out.
...
Busemann showed that with a biplane, the configuration of the top and bottom wings would cancel out the shockwaves of each other. But because the wings create a small space for air to go through, when the biplane is still going below the speed of sound but getting faster, the wings could "choke", creating huge drag.
Wang, Hu and Jameson came up with a computer model to simulate the biplane's performance at every speed along the way, so that they could compile the results into a shape for each wing that would allow the supersonic biplane to fly at all speeds.
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/03/16/supersonic_biplane/
HopeHoops
(47,675 posts)taterguy
(29,582 posts)HopeHoops
(47,675 posts)sakabatou
(42,152 posts)Brother Buzz
(36,434 posts)taterguy
(29,582 posts)Brother Buzz
(36,434 posts)sorcrow
(418 posts)The sound is caused by retreating blade stall.
A tendency for the retreating blade to stall in forward flight is inherent in all present day helicopters and is a major factor in limiting their forward speed. Just as the stall of an airplane wing limits the low speed possibilities of the airplane, the stall of a rotor blade limits the high speed potential of a helicopter. The airspeed of the retreating blade (the blade moving away from the direction of flight) slows down as forward speed increases. The retreating blade must, however, produce an amount of lift equal to that of the advancing blade. Therefore, as the airspeed of the retreating blade decreases with forward aircraft speed, the blade angle of attack must be increased to equalize lift throughout the rotor disk area. As this angle increase is continued, the blade will stall at some high forward speed.
from http://www.copters.com/aero/retreating.html
When the blade stalls, it makes the noise.
Regards,
Crow
Brother Buzz
(36,434 posts)Thanks!~
FarCenter
(19,429 posts)On one side the blades are moving in the forward direction of travel and must be moving subsonically.
On the other side the blades are moving in the backward direction and must be moving above stall speed.
Together these limit some combination of blade RPM, blade length, and forward speed of the helicopter.
If the blades could move supersonically, then the blades could turn faster and the maximum speed of the helicopter would be increased. However, it may still be that a "bi-blade" would still be torn apart by supersonic shock waves.