Marie Curie has a place in history because of her research on radioactivity, of course, but a look into her biography reveals another area she had a part in pioneering: crowdfunding. It happened in 1921, 23 years after she discovered radium and a decade after she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (her second Nobel, the first being the Physics prize, shared with her husband Pierre and physicist Henri Becquerel in 1903). The previous year, writes Ann M. Lewicki in the journal Radiology, an American reporter by the name of Marie Meloney had landed a rare interview with Curie, during which the famed physicist-chemist admitted her greatest desire: "some additional radium so that she could continue her laboratory research."

It seems that "she who had discovered radium, who had freely shared all information about the extraction process, and who had given radium away so that cancer patients could be treated, found herself without the financial means to acquire the expensive substance." Radium no longer exists in its pure form now, and even in 1921 it was, to quote Back to the Future's Doc Brown on plutonium, a little hard to come by: it cost $100,000 per gram back then, which Smithsonian.com's Kat Eschner estimates at "about $1.3 million today."

The solution arrived in the form of the Marie Curie Radium Fund, launched by Meloney and contributed to by numerous female academics, who raised more than half the full sum in less than a year. And so in 1921, as the National Institute of Standards and Technology tells it, "Marie Curie made her first visit to the United States accompanied by her two daughters Irène and Eve." They visited, among other places, the Radium Refining Plant in Pittsburgh and the White House, where she received her gram of radium from President Warren Harding. "The hazardous source itself was not brought to the ceremony," the NIST hastens to add. "Instead, she was presented with a golden key to the coffer and a certificate."