Though using "Land of the Successor" for California doesn't really convey the names root. The original intent of the word, when created by Montalvo, would better translate as "Land of the Muslim Queen".

after William Penn: From wikipedia:

The name Pennsylvania, which translates roughly as "Penn's Woods",[1] was created by combining the Penn surname (in honor of William's father, Admiral Sir William Penn) with the Latin word sylvania, meaning "forest land".

How they get "Famous Warrior" from that, I have no idea.

For Arkansas, I was taught that the name was Quapaw for "Downstream People"

The French king was Louis XIV. Louis is derived from Clovis which is a variation of Chlodowech (Salian Frankish king, 5th century), a variation of Ludwig which means famous warrior.

The Carolina's are named North and South Freeman's Land? They were named King Charles II after his father. Carolus is Latin for Charles, and the Angelization (if that's a word) of that Latin term was Carolina.