It's a good example of what each setting does individually, but all these things work together. Trying to show all combinations in a single chart would take up a whole lot of space.

But to understand the individual settings, this is great.

I used to have a 1960s SLR Canon, and had a lot f fun with it back in the day.
I think this chart is helpful as I put things in persective using my Nikon D3200 and the 1960s Pentax MX my brother recently gave me.
Should be fun!
I used to do only color slide film with my Canon. Goring to try for good color and take another stab at B&W.

each combination will properly expose the subject but the different settings will result in different "in focus" amount (depth of field) or action stopping capabilities (shutter speed)

I used to have a SLR Canon from the '60s, and now have a Pentax MX from the 60's, so am going to get back in the game and try to do more with the old school stuff.
But, with my D3200, I like the captures I can get, but it's so different in getting the settings instead of the old manual way I used to do, ever so long ago

What the chart is showing you is what effect you can expect from changing each one of those three exposure parameters.

Any change to one of those parameters will effect one or both of the other two assuming exposure is correct in both instances. All three of those parameters are expressed in 1 stop increments. So in other words if f/16, 1/125, and ISO 100 gives you a correct exposure, but you want a faster shutter speed to freeze high speed action, you can move the shutter speed to 1/500 (two stops), but since the shutter is now staying open for less amount of time, less light is reaching the media. So you'll need to compensate by moving the Aperture two stops to the right, ISO two stops to the right, or both 1 stop to the right.

Another thing that's good to know is the depth of field shown on the Aperture scale is also dependent on focal length and distance to subject. Modern lenses typically don't have depth of field markings, so it's good to have a smartphone app that tells you the depth of field for a given camera/focal length/aperture, and distance.

My brother gave me his 1960s Pentax MX with two different flash attachments, two lenses, and filters. I have some film and want to play with this in color and B&W. Should be fun.

This is the camera he gave me, even in it's original huge (and heavy) carry case

There may be better ones out there, but I've been using that one for a few years now.

The new Sony A7S for instance goes to ISO 409,600 a number that a few years ago would have been considered absolutely preposterous. So that same A7S will give a clean picture at say 12800 where your chart shows a very noisy picture at that setting.

Who shot film...lots of dots. I modern sense pixelation

I just but in here to share tgose quick and dirty definitions

Particularly when using a film camera, however, with modern digital systems it's really a guide to determine whether you set the camera on manual, shutter priority, aperture priority or auto.