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NeoGreen

(4,031 posts)
Thu Apr 6, 2017, 11:44 AM Apr 2017

Just so we don't lose sight of the great Indium shortage...

...postulated in this OP...
http://www.democraticunderground.com/112790020


http://www.indium.com/metals/indium/supply/


According to the U.S. Geological Survey statistics, the worldwide output of indium metal has increased 7X since 1980. We believe that this trend will continue and supply will expand to meet demand.

The indium supply has been bolstered by continued improvement in recycling programs. In the rapidly growing LCD market, greater than 85% of non-deposited indium is reclaimed and returned to the supply chain.




https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/indium/

By 1992, the thin-film application had become the largest end use. The amount of indium consumed is largely a function of worldwide LCD production. Increased manufacturing efficiency and recycling (especially in Japan) maintain a balance between demand and supply.



https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/indium/mcs-2017-indiu.pdf

The 2016 estimated average free market price of indium was $240 per kilogram. The average monthly price began the year at $255 per kilogram in January and increased slightly during the first 4 months of the year reach ing $262 per kilogram in April, after which the price decreased through September, falling to $218 per kilogram. News sources attributed low prices to an oversupply of indium and depressed demand after the collapse of the Fanya Metal Exchange Co. Ltd. in 2015. As of August 2016, Fanya’s warehouses reportedly held 3,600 metric tons of indium, and no information was available as to when the inventory would be released into the market. Recent cuts in zinc mine production were not thought to have led to similar decreases in indium production because most of the zinc mines that have closed within the past 1 to 2 years were reported to have produced clean concentrates, or concentrates with relatively low levels of minor metals.


...and the summary conclusion that wind/renewable energy is bad nuclear is good.


Especially since nuclear has not killed anyone, ever.

(sarcasm off)
Oh, and have an obligatorily nice day.

2 replies = new reply since forum marked as read
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Just so we don't lose sight of the great Indium shortage... (Original Post) NeoGreen Apr 2017 OP
The wind and solar industries are not failures because of limits on indium or any of the other... NNadir Apr 2017 #1
2018 Update with 2017 Data... NeoGreen Nov 2018 #2

NNadir

(33,528 posts)
1. The wind and solar industries are not failures because of limits on indium or any of the other...
Thu Apr 6, 2017, 02:00 PM
Apr 2017

...toxic and nonrenewable substances on which it depends, the worst of which is the dangerous fossil fuel natural gas which is a required redundant infrastructure to address the case of the wind not blowing when the sun isn't shining.

They are failures since they have absorbed half a century of head in the sand, whistling in the dark fantasies involving extrapolation of small scale data to far more vast scales.

We just sunk trillions of bucks into wind and solar in just ten years with the result that the accumulation of the dangerous fossil fuel waste carbon dioxide in the planetary waste dump, its atmosphere, is increasing, not decreasing.

Nuclear energy is not perfect, and it is not without risk. It is, however, more reliable, better proved on a scale of tens of exajoules per year, and it does not depend on access to dangerous natural gas.

It also has been well established that nuclear infrastructure can reliably function, without requiring redundancy for periods of at least half a century, thus meaning that construction of that infrastructure is a gift to future generations, not a requirement to get of new electronic waste in 10 to 20 years, as is the case with the solar garbage that non-scientists know very little about.

A lazy google but a pseudogreenie with a poor education - I say "pseudo" since a person actually attached to the health of the planet as opposed to mindless decades old dogma - does not negate the thousands of scientific publications dedicated to the study of critical elements in the periodic table. One of these is indium. There is an international, broad ranged discussion of this element, primarily in connection with cell phones, but also for other products. In fact, there are over 1500 publications in the scientific literature in 2017 alone this far. Maybe all of the authors of these papers could be convinced to stop publishing them by some hand waving blogger sending them a stupid link to the USGS website, I don't know. I don't think that's the case, but I don't know.

I note that the refining on indium is energy intensive, since it's generally a minor impurity in zinc ores.

The solar industry doesn't produce even two of the 570 exajoules of energy that humanity generates and consumes each year. People called "scientists," as opposed to airheads defining themselves as "greens," are concerned about the supply of indium. If a critical material exists that may shut or slow an industry or make its prices prohibitive if it is depleted, it is not, by definition, "renewable." In order for solar to produce half of the current energy demand - this with billions of people living in dire poverty - it would need to produce 285 exajoules of energy each year.

This hasn't happened; it isn't happening; and it won't happen.

As I know very well haven seen the abuse of language connected with energy both right and left, where words like "dangerous" and "safe" and "renewable" are thrown around like chants disconnected with any rational thoughts, there's no way to get past this state of affairs.

The people calling themselves "greens" in my view are generally extremely ignorant people, extremely ignorant.

They seem to not understand that the recovery of lower grades of materials increases both cost and environmental impact. The clearest example of this is the existence of the oil sands and gas fracking industries, both of which exist because the solar and wind fantasy, now measured in half a century of grotesque and increasingly delusional rhetoric are abysmal failures.

I have not attempted here to utilize any sarcasm to demonstrate a weak wit.

I'm just calling the tragedy as I see it.

At the Mauna Loa carbon dioxide observatory the reading published this morning was 408.07 ppm. That says all you need to know about how wonderful solar and wind have been and are.

Have a nice weekend.





NeoGreen

(4,031 posts)
2. 2018 Update with 2017 Data...
Mon Nov 12, 2018, 09:57 AM
Nov 2018

...
https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/indium/mcs-2018-indiu.pdf


INDIUM (Data in metric tons of indium content unless otherwise noted)
Domestic Production and Use: Indium was not recovered from ores in the United States in 2017. Several companies produced indium products —including alloys, compounds, high-purity metal, and solders from imported indium metal. Production of indium tin oxide (ITO) continued to account for most of global indium consumption. ITO thin film coatings were primarily used for electrical conductive purposes in a variety of flat-panel displays - most commonly liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Other indium end uses included alloys and solders, compounds, electrical components and semiconductors, and research. Based on an average of recent annual import levels, estimated domestic consumption of refined indium was 120 tons in 2017. The estimated value of refined indium consumed domestically in 2017, based on the average free market price, was about $26 million.

(snip)

Events, Trends, and Issues: The 2017 estimated average free market price of indium was $205 per kilogram. The average monthly price began the year at $210 per kilogram in January and remained level for the first 3 months of the year, after which it decreased from April to July, falling to $193 per kilogram. The average monthly price then increased through October, rising to $215 per kilogram.

In China, Fanya Metal Exchange warehouses reportedly held 3,600 tons of indium as of November 2017, and no information was available as to when the inventory would be released into the market. A China-based tin producer partnered with a United States-based producer of indium-based products to construct an ITO production plant in China. ITO is a semiconducting compound used in flat-panel displays for smartphones, monitors, and other electronic devices.

In early 2017, China’s Ministry of Commerce implemented an export license system and eliminated the previously used export quota system, which limited the amount of indium that could be exported. This new policy was expected to encourage exports of indium.

A Belgium-based zinc producer resumed production of indium at its zinc plant in Auby, France, in early 2017. The indium production plant at the zinc smelter had been shut down in November 2015 owing to a fire. The Auby plant previously produced 89 tons of indium between 2012 and 2014. A Belgium-based materials technology company announced in late 2017 that they would be shutting down their ITO production operations in Providence, RI, by the end of 2017, and selling off its remaining ITO production to its joint-
venture partner in China, a producer of minor-metals-based products.


Emphasis added.
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