Science
Related: About this forumFirst explanation of string theory that made sense to me
and excerpt from Dr. Michio Kaku's site
http://mkaku.org/home/articles/hyperspace-and-a-theory-of-everything/
Hyperspace and a Theory of Everything
What lies beyond our 4 dimensions?
When I was a child, I used to visit the Japanese Tea Garden in San Francisco. I would spend hours fascinated by the carp, who lived in a very shallow pond just inches beneath the lily pads, just beneath my fingers, totally oblivious to the universe above them.
I would ask myself a question only a child could ask: what would it be like to be a carp? What a strange world it would be! I imagined that the pond would be an entire universe, one that is two-dimensional in space. The carp would only be able to swim forwards and backwards, and left and right. But I imagined that the concept of up, beyond the lily pads, would be totally alien to them. Any carp scientist daring to talk about hyperspace, i.e. the third dimension above the pond, would immediately be labelled a crank. I wondered what would happen if I could reach down and grab a carp scientist and lift it up into hyperspace. I thought what a wondrous story the scientist would tell the others! The carp would babble on about unbelievable new laws of physics: beings who could move without fins. Beings who could breathe without gills. Beings who could emit sounds without bubbles. I then wondered: how would a carp scientist know about our existence? One day it rained, and I saw the rain drops forming gentle ripples on the surface of the pond.
Then I understood.
The carp could see rippling shadows on the surface of the pond. The third dimension would be invisible to them, but vibrations in the third dimensions would be clearly visible. These ripples might even be felt by the carp, who would invent a silly concept to describe this, called force. They might even give these forces cute names, such as light and gravity. We would laugh at them, because, of course, we know there is no force at all, just the rippling of the water.
Today, many physicists believe that we are the carp swimming in our tiny pond, blissfully unaware of invisible, unseen uni- verses hovering just above us in hyperspace. We spend our life in three spatial dimensions, confident that what we can see with our telescopes is all there is, ignorant of the possibility of 10 dimensional hyperspace. Although these higher dimensions are invisible, their ripples can clearly be seen and felt. We call these ripples gravity and light. The theory of hyperspace, however, languished for many decades for lack of any physical proof or application. But the theory, once considered the province of eccentrics and mystics, is being revived for a simple reason: it may hold the key to the greatest theory of all time, the theory of everything.
continued
longship
(40,416 posts)Sorry. That guy does not know strings any more than anybody does.
It's an hypothesis without any testable experiments. No matter what M. Cuckoo says.
String theory has had decades of the brightest theoreticians on the planet pouring over it, including people like Ed Witten, probably one the smartest mathematical physicists on the planet.
String theory has advanced theoretical mathematics a whole bunch, physics, not so much. In fact, it has taken away the efforts from quantum field theory, which has every single physics Nobel prize since the early 60's. Not one for strings. OOOPSIE!
It was an interesting diversion, and something may yet come of it. But it does not look promising at this stage. In fact it looks more like mathematical legerdemain than anything else. No problem there. The mathematicians can probably use it.
Let them have it.
So far, physics has not seen much from it, no matter what M Kaku says.
jimlup
(7,968 posts)caraher
(6,278 posts)there are important reasons to take the effort seriously, they're just mostly not the ones Kaku mentions. I think the main issue is the fundamental incompatibility between general relativity and quantum field theory, an issue that string theory has immense promise to resolve.
The big trouble with string theory, in my view, is that it ain't a theory of physics as people like you and me understand it - it's more of a template for a theory. It's a set of prescriptions for what a theory of real physics could look like. There is not "a" string theory but thousands, and none of them studied in any detail, so far, produces anything very close to a description of the universe we actually live in. Anything string theory predicts is either completely inaccessible experimentally or is not a unique prediction of string theory (e.g. supersymmetry could be true with or without string theory).
It's mostly a very clever idea with a massive PR department.
longship
(40,416 posts)Which can be used within physics, or maybe even other disciplines.
But I think strings generally has not panned out in the way it had been envisioned. I hope something good comes out of the significant efforts that have been mounted, and are still being mounted. But it might very well be that strings are dead end. Meanwhile quantum field theory moves forward. But merging that with gravitation is a real problem.
We'll have to see what happens.
jobendorfer
(508 posts)Special Relativity: 3 person-years
General Relativity: 15-20 person-years
Quantum Mechanics: 60-100 person-years (counting Bohr, Heisenberg, Schrodinger, Born, Dirac, & Pauli as fully engaged on the problem for 10-12 years)
(Bear in mind that all of the above produced a slew of testable predictions, and the developers were showered in Nobel
prizes.)
Then we come to String Theory. It began as a topic with Veneziano around 1970, took off in the mid-80s, and now
basically dominates theoretical physics in American academia.
Conservatively, two to three thousand person-years of research have gone into String Theory. Nobody has managed
to extract a testable prediction from it after all that effort. Future historians will wonder at how much time and money
got thrown at what (so far) has been a total dead end.
J.
Mnemosyne
(21,363 posts)rhett o rick
(55,981 posts)GeorgeGist
(25,322 posts)Fortinbras Armstrong
(4,473 posts)Has read Edwin Abbott's Flatland?
Incidentally, one reason that Einstein failed was his refusal to accept the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, which offended him for purely philosophical reasons.