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BootinUp

(47,167 posts)
Fri Nov 21, 2014, 09:20 PM Nov 2014

First explanation of string theory that made sense to me

and excerpt from Dr. Michio Kaku's site
http://mkaku.org/home/articles/hyperspace-and-a-theory-of-everything/

Hyperspace and a Theory of Everything
What lies beyond our 4 dimensions?

When I was a child, I used to visit the Japanese Tea Garden in San Francisco. I would spend hours fascinated by the carp, who lived in a very shallow pond just inches beneath the lily pads, just beneath my fingers, totally oblivious to the universe above them.

I would ask myself a question only a child could ask: what would it be like to be a carp? What a strange world it would be! I imagined that the pond would be an entire universe, one that is two-dimensional in space. The carp would only be able to swim forwards and backwards, and left and right. But I imagined that the concept of “up”, beyond the lily pads, would be totally alien to them. Any carp scientist daring to talk about “hyperspace”, i.e. the third dimension “above” the pond, would immediately be labelled a crank. I wondered what would happen if I could reach down and grab a carp scientist and lift it up into hyperspace. I thought what a wondrous story the scientist would tell the others! The carp would babble on about unbelievable new laws of physics: beings who could move without fins. Beings who could breathe without gills. Beings who could emit sounds without bubbles. I then wondered: how would a carp scientist know about our existence? One day it rained, and I saw the rain drops forming gentle ripples on the surface of the pond.

Then I understood.

The carp could see rippling shadows on the surface of the pond. The third dimension would be invisible to them, but vibrations in the third dimensions would be clearly visible. These ripples might even be felt by the carp, who would invent a silly concept to describe this, called “force.” They might even give these “forces” cute names, such as light and gravity. We would laugh at them, because, of course, we know there is no “force” at all, just the rippling of the water.

Today, many physicists believe that we are the carp swimming in our tiny pond, blissfully unaware of invisible, unseen uni- verses hovering just above us in hyperspace. We spend our life in three spatial dimensions, confident that what we can see with our telescopes is all there is, ignorant of the possibility of 10 dimensional hyperspace. Although these higher dimensions are invisible, their “ripples” can clearly be seen and felt. We call these ripples gravity and light. The theory of hyperspace, however, languished for many decades for lack of any physical proof or application. But the theory, once considered the province of eccentrics and mystics, is being revived for a simple reason: it may hold the key to the greatest theory of all time, the “theory of everything.”

continued

9 replies = new reply since forum marked as read
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First explanation of string theory that made sense to me (Original Post) BootinUp Nov 2014 OP
Oh boy. Michio Cuckoo, er Kaku. longship Nov 2014 #1
Said the carp who had not been out of the pond /nt jimlup Nov 2014 #4
Not a big "string theory" fan here either, but... caraher Nov 2014 #5
It also has a powerful set of new mathematic tools. longship Nov 2014 #7
some rough approximations on scale of effort jobendorfer Nov 2014 #9
K&R nt Mnemosyne Nov 2014 #2
k & r. Thanks for posting. nm rhett o rick Nov 2014 #3
Cool story, bro. GeorgeGist Nov 2014 #6
I wonder if Dr Kaku Fortinbras Armstrong Nov 2014 #8

longship

(40,416 posts)
1. Oh boy. Michio Cuckoo, er Kaku.
Fri Nov 21, 2014, 10:21 PM
Nov 2014

Sorry. That guy does not know strings any more than anybody does.

It's an hypothesis without any testable experiments. No matter what M. Cuckoo says.

String theory has had decades of the brightest theoreticians on the planet pouring over it, including people like Ed Witten, probably one the smartest mathematical physicists on the planet.

String theory has advanced theoretical mathematics a whole bunch, physics, not so much. In fact, it has taken away the efforts from quantum field theory, which has every single physics Nobel prize since the early 60's. Not one for strings. OOOPSIE!

It was an interesting diversion, and something may yet come of it. But it does not look promising at this stage. In fact it looks more like mathematical legerdemain than anything else. No problem there. The mathematicians can probably use it.

Let them have it.

So far, physics has not seen much from it, no matter what M Kaku says.

caraher

(6,278 posts)
5. Not a big "string theory" fan here either, but...
Sat Nov 22, 2014, 06:58 AM
Nov 2014

there are important reasons to take the effort seriously, they're just mostly not the ones Kaku mentions. I think the main issue is the fundamental incompatibility between general relativity and quantum field theory, an issue that string theory has immense promise to resolve.

The big trouble with string theory, in my view, is that it ain't a theory of physics as people like you and me understand it - it's more of a template for a theory. It's a set of prescriptions for what a theory of real physics could look like. There is not "a" string theory but thousands, and none of them studied in any detail, so far, produces anything very close to a description of the universe we actually live in. Anything string theory predicts is either completely inaccessible experimentally or is not a unique prediction of string theory (e.g. supersymmetry could be true with or without string theory).

It's mostly a very clever idea with a massive PR department.

longship

(40,416 posts)
7. It also has a powerful set of new mathematic tools.
Sat Nov 22, 2014, 08:14 AM
Nov 2014

Which can be used within physics, or maybe even other disciplines.

But I think strings generally has not panned out in the way it had been envisioned. I hope something good comes out of the significant efforts that have been mounted, and are still being mounted. But it might very well be that strings are dead end. Meanwhile quantum field theory moves forward. But merging that with gravitation is a real problem.

We'll have to see what happens.

jobendorfer

(508 posts)
9. some rough approximations on scale of effort
Tue Nov 25, 2014, 05:14 PM
Nov 2014

Special Relativity: 3 person-years

General Relativity: 15-20 person-years

Quantum Mechanics: 60-100 person-years (counting Bohr, Heisenberg, Schrodinger, Born, Dirac, & Pauli as fully engaged on the problem for 10-12 years)

(Bear in mind that all of the above produced a slew of testable predictions, and the developers were showered in Nobel
prizes.)

Then we come to String Theory. It began as a topic with Veneziano around 1970, took off in the mid-80s, and now
basically dominates theoretical physics in American academia.

Conservatively, two to three thousand person-years of research have gone into String Theory. Nobody has managed
to extract a testable prediction from it after all that effort. Future historians will wonder at how much time and money
got thrown at what (so far) has been a total dead end.

J.

Fortinbras Armstrong

(4,473 posts)
8. I wonder if Dr Kaku
Sat Nov 22, 2014, 09:19 AM
Nov 2014

Has read Edwin Abbott's Flatland?

Incidentally, one reason that Einstein failed was his refusal to accept the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, which offended him for purely philosophical reasons.

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