During the worst of the HIV epidemic, all we could do was try to keep them clean and as comfortable as possible while the inevitable happened, often within hours. When bags of unknown substances started to show up, identified with a bunch of letters and numbers, the patients started to live long enough to get out of the hospital and tie up loose ends and say their goodbyes. Things had been so desperate that the FDA had bypassed double blind studies for investigational drugs that had shown promise. There was no way to do ethical double blind studies anyway since there was no standard treatment to give anyone, except a clean bed and a funeral.
Desperation during a deadly novel virus outbreak is pretty much standard procedure. Some drugs will not pan out when widely used. Others just might. When you're looking at a person who will undoubtedly die if you don't try something, the ethical concerns about a small study group tend to evaporate.
This would be very bad science if we had a standard treatment that worked and were looking for treatments that worked better. That isn't the case.