Atheists & Agnostics
Related: About this forumSalon: This is your brain on religion :(atheism correlates to education and high I.Q.)
http://www.salon.com/2014/01/04/this_is_your_brain_on_religion_uncovering_the_science_of_belief/This is your brain on religion: Uncovering the science of belief
From Pope Francis to Phil Robertson: Why are some people of faith generous while others are nuts?
D.F. Swaab
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As far as Im concerned, the most interesting question about religion isnt whether God exists but why so many people are religious. There are around 10,000 different religions, each of which is convinced that theres only one Truth and that they alone possess it. Hating people with a different faith seems to be part of belief. Around the year 1500, the church reformer Martin Luther described Jews as a brood of vipers. Over the centuries the Christian hatred of the Jews led to pogroms and ultimately made the Holocaust possible. In 1947, over a million people were slaughtered when British India was partitioned into India for the Hindus and Pakistan for the Muslims. Nor has interfaith hatred diminished since then. Since the year 2000, 43 percent of civil wars have been of a religious nature.
Almost 64 percent of the worlds population is Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, or Hindu. And faith is extremely tenacious. For many years, Communism was the only permitted belief in China and religion was banned, being regarded, in the tradition of Karl Marx, as the opium of the masses. But in 2007, one-third of Chinese people over the age of 16 said that they were religious. Since that figure comes from a state-controlled newspaper, the China Daily, the true number of believers is likely at least that high. Around 95 percent of Americans say that they believe in God, 90 percent pray, 82 percent believe that God can perform miracles, and over 70 percent believe in life after death. Its striking that only 50 percent believe in hell, which shows a certain lack of consistency. In the Netherlands, a much more secular country, the percentages are lower. A study carried out in April 2007 showed that in the space of 40 years, secularization had increased from 33 to 61 percent. Over half of the Dutch people doubt the existence of a higher power and are either agnostic or believe in an unspecified something. Only 14 percent are atheists, the same percentage as Protestants. There are slightly more Catholics (16 percent).
In 2006, during a symposium in Istanbul, Herman van Praag, a professor of biological psychiatry, taking his lead from the 95 percent of believers in the United States, tried to convince me that atheism was an anomaly. That depends on who you compare yourself to, I replied. In 1996 a poll of American scientists revealed that only 39 percent were believers, a much smaller percentage than the national average. Only 7 percent of the countrys top scientists (defined for this poll as the members of the National Academy of Sciences) professed a belief in God, while almost no Nobel laureates are religious. A mere 3 percent of the eminent scientists who are members of Britains Royal Society are religious. Moreover, meta-analysis has shown a correlation among atheism, education, and IQ. So there are striking differences within populations, and its clear that degree of atheism is linked to intelligence, education, academic achievement, and a positive interest in natural science. Scientists also differ per discipline: Biologists are less prone to believe in God and the hereafter than physicists. So it
Curmudgeoness
(18,219 posts)but I am not sure if IQ does. With higher education, we are taught to think differently and to work with more abstract concepts. This can cause us to look more closely at everything, including religion. The closer we look at religion, the more we see the holes in it. It is probably true of people with higher IQ's as well, since they usually are better at critical thinking.
I have seen these study before, as I can get rather smug about it, but I am not sure if I believe that all people who are believers are not as smart or educated as I am.
lindysalsagal
(20,687 posts)in order to catch on that it's conditioning, not truth.
If you're born in an Islamic country, you're not gonna be catholic.
Add that to the fact that there are dozens of major religions, and they all believe they're right, and doubt is unavoidable.
After that,the doubt is fed by the utter ridiculousness of all religions, and voila! Another atheist.
But, there will always be smart people who will forgo critical thinking out of desperate need for all those religious payoffs: reincarnation, and reunification with parents, etc.
trotsky
(49,533 posts)Many scientific discoveries have, however. In different locations, different cultures, different times.
Let's not forget the smart people, too, who have discarded belief in gods for themselves, but condescendingly treat believers as if they couldn't ever possibly go without their religion, and so attempt to bully any other non-believers who speak out against it.
Curmudgeoness
(18,219 posts)When I looked at all the religions of the world, it seemed that there was no way to know which one was the "right" one. Then you move to realization that the only reason you are Christian is because of where you live.
I cannot say that people who refuse to think beyond what they are told are not smart, but you probably have it right. There is a lot to be had from keeping belief if you can overlook the holes. I am not able to do that. Voila! Another atheist!
Arugula Latte
(50,566 posts)evidence that atheists are unlikely to be correct in their assessments because, gee, MOST humans belief in a supernatural being or being who is all-powerful (or at least quite powerful indeed).
However, recently I've started to ponder whether belief in some sort of deity/deities might have evolved as an evolutionary advantage, or at least the outgrowth of a brain that is developed enough to expect a superior place in the universe for such an intelligent creature as the homo sapiens (and perhaps neanderthals and other previous advanced primates). It seems that a lot of humans are desperate to believe that they are special and exulted in this universe -- in fact, we humans who have lived on this little planet in the last couple thousands years out of many billions of years are the very FOCUS of the deity/creator of the universe (at least for many Christians, Jews, and Muslims), therefore we are and not just another run-of-the-mill carbon-based life form. We are the chosen species, we are special, and we will live forever in an enviable afterlife.
That's what humans like to believe, at any rate, and perhaps this belief in their own special place in the universe as God's Own Favorite keeps them going in the daily scramble for food, water and shelter and then beyond that in the fight for status and wealth.
sakabatou
(42,152 posts)lindysalsagal
(20,687 posts)you can't blame us for wishing for divine intervention.
That's how you separate believers from atheists: Atheists hope without going as far as investing.Believers invest in the magic when going it alone is too bewildering.
in my opinion.
Believers suffer an imaginary loss if they're wrong. Hence, the pressure for the atheists to conform.imo.